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PloS one2024; 19(6); e0303029; doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303029

Changes of faecal bacterial communities and microbial fibrolytic activity in horses aged from 6 to 30 years old.

Abstract: Horse owners and veterinarians report that from the age of 15, their horses can lose body condition and be more susceptible to diseases. Large intestinal microbiome changes may be involved. Indeed, microbiota is crucial for maintaining the condition and health of herbivores by converting fibres into nutrients. This study aimed to compare the faecal microbiome in horses aged from 6 to 30 years old (yo), living in the same environment and consuming the same diet, in order to assess whether the parameters changed linearly with age and whether there was a pivotal age category. Fifty horses were selected from the same environment and distributed across four age categories: 6-10 (n = 12), 11-15 (n = 11), 16-20 (n = 13), and 21-30 (n = 14) yo. All horses had no digestive problems, had teeth suitable for consuming their feed, and were up to date with their vaccination and deworming programmes. After three weeks of constant diet (ad libitum hay and 860 g of concentrate per day), one faecal sample per horse was collected on the same day. The bacterial communities' richness and intra-sample diversity were negatively correlated with age. There was a new distribution of non-beneficial and beneficial taxa, particularly in the 21-30 yo category. Although the faecal concentration of short-chain fatty acids remained stable, the acetate proportion was negatively correlated with age while it was the opposite for the proportions of butyrate, valerate, and iso-valerate. Additionally, the faecal pH was negatively correlated with age. Differences were more pronounced when comparing the 6-10 yo and 21-30 yo categories. The values of the parameters studied became more dispersed from the 16-20 yo category onwards, which appeared as a transitional moment, as it did not differ significantly from the younger and older categories for most of these parameters. Our data suggest that the microbiome changes with age. By highlighting the pivotal age of 16-20, this gives the opportunity to intervene before individuals reach extremes that could lead to pathological conditions.
Copyright: © 2024 Baraille et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
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Publication Date: 2024-06-03 PubMed ID: 38829841PubMed Central: PMC11146703DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303029Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article focuses on the alterations in the faecal microbiome and microbial fibrolytic activity in horses ranging from 6 to 30 years old, and the potential link of these changes to aging related health issues in horses.

Objectives and Methodology

  • The study’s primary objective was to investigate whether changes in the faecal microbiome of horses with age contribute to health deterioration and increased susceptibility to diseases in horses above 15 years old.
  • Fifty horses, which were healthy and had proper dental health for feed consumption, were selected for the research. They were kept in the same environment and provided with the same diet, ensuring that variables were minimized.
  • The horses were divided into four age groups: 6-10 years, 11-15 years, 16-20 years, and 21-30 years old.
  • After three weeks of constant diet, a faecal sample from each horse was collected for analysis.

Findings on Microbial Changes

  • The richness and intra-sample diversity of bacterial communities in the faecal samples were found to have a negative correlation with the horse’s age.
  • There was a shift in the distribution of non-beneficial and beneficial bacterial taxa, most noticeably in the oldest age group of 21-30 years. This signifies that an aging horse’s gut hosts fewer beneficial bacteria with increasing age.

Changes in Fibrolytic Activity and Related Aspects

  • While the overall faecal concentration of short-chain fatty acids remained stable, the proportion of specific types changed with age. Most notably, the acetate proportion showed a negative correlation with age while the proportions of butyrate, valerate, and iso-valerate showed the opposite trend.
  • These fatty acids are produced during the microbial fermentation of dietary fibres in the large intestine and are critical for the nutritional and physiological well-being of the horse.
  • The faecal pH showed a negative correlation with age, indicating a more acidic environment in older horses, which might alter the gut’s microbial environment.

Pivotal Finding

  • The most significant finding of this study was the identification of 16-20 years as a transitional age group. The values of the studied parameters became more dispersed in this category, suggesting a significant shift in the ageing process of horses.
  • This pivotal age gives veterinarians and horse owners an opportunity to implement interventions before the horses reach the extremes that could lead to health issues.

Cite This Article

APA
Baraille M, Buttet M, Grimm P, Milojevic V, Julliand S, Julliand V. (2024). Changes of faecal bacterial communities and microbial fibrolytic activity in horses aged from 6 to 30 years old. PLoS One, 19(6), e0303029. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0303029

Publication

PloS one
ISSN: 1932-6203
NlmUniqueID: 101285081
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 19
Issue: 6
Pages: e0303029
PII: e0303029

Researcher Affiliations

Baraille, Marylou
  • Institut Agro Dijon, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, PAM UMR A 02.102, Dijon, France.
  • Lab To Field, Dijon, France.
Buttet, Marjorie
  • Lab To Field, Dijon, France.
Grimm, Pauline
  • Lab To Field, Dijon, France.
Milojevic, Vladimir
  • Sandgrueb-Stiftung, Zürich, Switzerland.
Julliand, Samy
  • Lab To Field, Dijon, France.
Julliand, Véronique
  • Institut Agro Dijon, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, PAM UMR A 02.102, Dijon, France.

MeSH Terms

  • Horses / microbiology
  • Animals
  • Feces / microbiology
  • Gastrointestinal Microbiome
  • Bacteria / classification
  • Bacteria / isolation & purification
  • Male
  • Female

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

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