FREE SHIPPING over $40
OVER 9000 FIVE-STAR REVIEWS
5% OFF ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS
100% HAPPINESS GUARANTEE
Analyze Diet
0
Home / Equine Research Bank / J Cell Physiol / Characterization of a stretch-activated potassium channel in...
Journal of cellular physiology2010; 223(2); 511-518; doi: 10.1002/jcp.22075

Characterization of a stretch-activated potassium channel in chondrocytes.

Abstract: Chondrocytes possess the capacity to transduce load-induced mechanical stimuli into electrochemical signals. The aim of this study was to functionally characterize an ion channel activated in response to membrane stretch in isolated primary equine chondrocytes. We used patch-clamp electrophysiology to functionally characterize this channel and immunohistochemistry to examine its distribution in articular cartilage. In cell-attached patch experiments, the application of negative pressures to the patch pipette (in the range of 20-200 mmHg) activated ion channel currents in six of seven patches. The mean activated current was 45.9 +/- 1.1 pA (n = 4) at a membrane potential of 33 mV (cell surface area approximately 240 microm(2)). The mean slope conductance of the principal single channels resolved within the total stretch-activated current was 118 +/- 19 pS (n = 6), and reversed near the theoretical potassium equilibrium potential, E(K+), suggesting it was a high-conductance potassium channel. Activation of these high-conductance potassium channels was inhibited by extracellular TEA (K(d) approx. 900 microM) and iberiotoxin (K(d) approx. 40 nM). This suggests that the current was largely carried by BK-like potassium (MaxiK) channels. To further characterize these BK-like channels, we used inside-out patches of chondrocyte membrane: we found these channels to be activated by elevation in bath calcium concentration. Immunohistochemical staining of equine cartilage samples with polyclonal antibodies to the alpha1- and beta1-subunits of the BK channel revealed positive immunoreactivity for both subunits in superficial zone chondrocytes. These experiments support the hypothesis that functional BK channels are present in chondrocytes and may be involved in mechanotransduction and chemotransduction.
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 2010-02-18 PubMed ID: 20162564PubMed Central: PMC2883078DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22075Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedInCopy
  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This study investigates how certain cells in horses known as chondrocytes can transmit mechanical energy into electrical signals. The researchers examined a specific ion channel in these cells that responds to physical stress and identified it as a high-conductance potassium channel. Their findings suggest these channels could play a role in converting mechanical and chemical stimuli into cellular responses.

Overview of Research

  • The scientists’ objective was to explore the functionality of an ion channel that gets activated when a membrane stretch occurs in isolated, primary equine chondrocytes. Chondrocytes are cells in cartilage tissue that have the ability to change mechanical stimuli (pressure changes) into electrochemical signals (movement of ions across their membranes).
  • The analysis used patch-clamp electrophysiology, a method that measures the electric current in individual ion channels. Also, they used immunohistochemistry, a staining technique, to examine the ion channel’s distribution in the cartilage tissue.

Experiment Findings

  • In six out of seven tests using negative pressure applied to the patch pipette, ion channel currents activated. The average activated current measured 45.9 +/- 1.1 pA at a membrane potential of 33 mV.
  • The channel closely resembled what’s known as a high-conductance potassium channel based on their calculated mean slope conductance and the fact that they reversed near the theoretical potassium equilibrium potential.

Identification of the High-Conductance Potassium Channel

  • Using external TEA (a potassium channel blocker) and iberiotoxin (a selective blocker of a certain type of potassium channel), they inhibited the activation of these high-conductance potassium channels.
  • The researchers found out that the ion channel activity was largely carried by BK-like potassium (MaxiK) channels, which are high-conductance potassium channels sensitive to both voltage and calcium ions.
  • They utilized inside-out patches of chondrocyte membrane and discovered that these BK-like channels were prompted by a rise in bath calcium concentration.

Immunohistochemical Staining

  • Equine cartilage samples were stained with antibodies for both subunits of the BK channel. The resulting positive reaction for both subunits in superficial zone chondrocytes confirmed the presence of functional BK channels.

Conclusion and Implications

  • This study supports the possibility that BK-like potassium (MaxiK) channels are present and functional in chondrocytes, where they could be involved in converting mechanical and chemical stimuli into cellular responses (mechanotransduction and chemotransduction).
  • Understanding these processes can potentially provide insights into cartilage function and pathology-such as osteoarthritis-, and even guide future therapeutic strategies in veterinary and human medicine.

Cite This Article

APA
Mobasheri A, Lewis R, Maxwell JE, Hill C, Womack M, Barrett-Jolley R. (2010). Characterization of a stretch-activated potassium channel in chondrocytes. J Cell Physiol, 223(2), 511-518. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcp.22075

Publication

Journal of cellular physiology
ISSN: 1097-4652
NlmUniqueID: 0050222
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 223
Issue: 2
Pages: 511-518

Researcher Affiliations

Mobasheri, Ali
  • Musculoskeletal Research Group, Division of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, United Kingdom.
Lewis, Rebecca
    Maxwell, Judith E J
      Hill, Claire
        Womack, Matthew
          Barrett-Jolley, Richard

            MeSH Terms

            • Animals
            • Cartilage / cytology
            • Cartilage / metabolism
            • Cell Membrane / drug effects
            • Cell Membrane / metabolism
            • Cell Membrane / ultrastructure
            • Chondrocytes / cytology
            • Chondrocytes / drug effects
            • Chondrocytes / metabolism
            • Horses
            • Ion Channel Gating / drug effects
            • Ion Channel Gating / physiology
            • Large-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels / drug effects
            • Large-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels / metabolism
            • Mechanotransduction, Cellular / physiology
            • Membrane Potentials / drug effects
            • Membrane Potentials / physiology
            • Organ Culture Techniques
            • Patch-Clamp Techniques
            • Potassium / metabolism
            • Potassium Channel Blockers / pharmacology
            • Pressure / adverse effects
            • Protein Subunits / drug effects
            • Protein Subunits / metabolism
            • Stress, Mechanical
            • Weight-Bearing / physiology

            Grant Funding

            • Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council
            • Wellcome Trust

            References

            This article includes 50 references
            1. Archer CW, Francis-West P. The chondrocyte.. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2003 Apr;35(4):401-4.
              pubmed: 12565700doi: 10.1016/s1357-2725(02)00301-1google scholar: lookup
            2. Barrett-Jolley R. Nipecotic acid directly activates GABA(A)-like ion channels.. Br J Pharmacol 2001 Jul;133(5):673-8.
              pmc: PMC1572836pubmed: 11429391doi: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0704128google scholar: lookup
            3. Barrett-Jolley R, Dart C, Standen NB. Direct block of native and cloned (Kir2.1) inward rectifier K+ channels by chloroethylclonidine.. Br J Pharmacol 1999 Oct;128(3):760-6.
              pmc: PMC1571662pubmed: 10516659doi: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0702819google scholar: lookup
            4. Barrett-Jolley R, Pyner S, Coote JH. Measurement of voltage-gated potassium currents in identified spinally-projecting sympathetic neurones of the paraventricular nucleus.. J Neurosci Methods 2000 Oct 15;102(1):25-33.
              pubmed: 11000408doi: 10.1016/s0165-0270(00)00271-5google scholar: lookup
            5. Benya PD, Shaffer JD. Dedifferentiated chondrocytes reexpress the differentiated collagen phenotype when cultured in agarose gels.. Cell 1982 Aug;30(1):215-24.
              pubmed: 7127471doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(82)90027-7google scholar: lookup
            6. Cheng H, Lederer WJ. Calcium sparks.. Physiol Rev 2008 Oct;88(4):1491-545.
              pubmed: 18923188doi: 10.1152/physrev.00030.2007google scholar: lookup
            7. Cui J, Yang H, Lee US. Molecular mechanisms of BK channel activation.. Cell Mol Life Sci 2009 Mar;66(5):852-75.
              pmc: PMC2694844pubmed: 19099186doi: 10.1007/s00018-008-8609-xgoogle scholar: lookup
            8. Gebauer M, Saas J, Sohler F, Haag J, Söder S, Pieper M, Bartnik E, Beninga J, Zimmer R, Aigner T. Comparison of the chondrosarcoma cell line SW1353 with primary human adult articular chondrocytes with regard to their gene expression profile and reactivity to IL-1beta.. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2005 Aug;13(8):697-708.
              pubmed: 15950496doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2005.04.004google scholar: lookup
            9. Grandolfo M, Calabrese A, D'Andrea P. Mechanism of mechanically induced intercellular calcium waves in rabbit articular chondrocytes and in HIG-82 synovial cells.. J Bone Miner Res 1998 Mar;13(3):443-53.
              pubmed: 9525345doi: 10.1359/jbmr.1998.13.3.443google scholar: lookup
            10. Guilak F. Volume and surface area measurement of viable chondrocytes in situ using geometric modelling of serial confocal sections.. J Microsc 1994 Mar;173(Pt 3):245-56.
              pubmed: 8189447doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2818.1994.tb03447.xgoogle scholar: lookup
            11. Guilak F. Compression-induced changes in the shape and volume of the chondrocyte nucleus.. J Biomech 1995 Dec;28(12):1529-41.
              pubmed: 8666592doi: 10.1016/0021-9290(95)00100-xgoogle scholar: lookup
            12. Guilak F, Ratcliffe A, Mow VC. Chondrocyte deformation and local tissue strain in articular cartilage: a confocal microscopy study.. J Orthop Res 1995 May;13(3):410-21.
              pubmed: 7602402doi: 10.1002/jor.1100130315google scholar: lookup
            13. Guilak F, Zell RA, Erickson GR, Grande DA, Rubin CT, McLeod KJ, Donahue HJ. Mechanically induced calcium waves in articular chondrocytes are inhibited by gadolinium and amiloride.. J Orthop Res 1999 May;17(3):421-9.
              pubmed: 10376733doi: 10.1002/jor.1100170319google scholar: lookup
            14. Hall AC, Starks I, Shoults CL, Rashidbigi S. Pathways for K+ transport across the bovine articular chondrocyte membrane and their sensitivity to cell volume.. Am J Physiol 1996 May;270(5 Pt 1):C1300-10.
              pubmed: 8967429doi: 10.1152/ajpcell.1996.270.5.C1300google scholar: lookup
            15. HODGKIN AL, KATZ B. The effect of sodium ions on the electrical activity of giant axon of the squid.. J Physiol 1949 Mar 1;108(1):37-77.
              pmc: PMC1392331pubmed: 18128147doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1949.sp004310google scholar: lookup
            16. Huber M, Trattnig S, Lintner F. Anatomy, biochemistry, and physiology of articular cartilage.. Invest Radiol 2000 Oct;35(10):573-80.
              pubmed: 11041151doi: 10.1097/00004424-200010000-00003google scholar: lookup
            17. Kemp PJ, Williams SE, Mason HS, Wootton P, Iles DE, Riccardi D, Peers C. Functional proteomics of BK potassium channels: defining the acute oxygen sensor.. Novartis Found Symp 2006;272:141-51; discussion 151-6, 214-7.
              pubmed: 16686434
            18. Kerrigan MJ, Hall AC. Control of chondrocyte regulatory volume decrease (RVD) by [Ca2+]i and cell shape.. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2008 Mar;16(3):312-22.
              pubmed: 17855127doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2007.07.006google scholar: lookup
            19. Knight MM, Ghori SA, Lee DA, Bader DL. Measurement of the deformation of isolated chondrocytes in agarose subjected to cyclic compression.. Med Eng Phys 1998 Nov-Dec;20(9):684-8.
              pubmed: 10098613doi: 10.1016/s1350-4533(98)00080-0google scholar: lookup
            20. Latorre R, Oberhauser A, Labarca P, Alvarez O. Varieties of calcium-activated potassium channels.. Annu Rev Physiol 1989;51:385-99.
              pubmed: 2653189doi: 10.1146/annurev.ph.51.030189.002125google scholar: lookup
            21. Ledoux J, Werner ME, Brayden JE, Nelson MT. Calcium-activated potassium channels and the regulation of vascular tone.. Physiology (Bethesda) 2006 Feb;21:69-78.
              pubmed: 16443824doi: 10.1152/physiol.00040.2005google scholar: lookup
            22. Lee DA, Knight MM. Mechanical loading of chondrocytes embedded in 3D constructs: in vitro methods for assessment of morphological and metabolic response to compressive strain.. Methods Mol Med 2004;100:307-24.
              pubmed: 15280603doi: 10.1385/1-59259-810-2:307google scholar: lookup
            23. Lee DA, Noguchi T, Frean SP, Lees P, Bader DL. The influence of mechanical loading on isolated chondrocytes seeded in agarose constructs.. Biorheology 2000;37(1-2):149-61.
              pubmed: 10912187
            24. Lippiat JD, Standen NB, Harrow ID, Phillips SC, Davies NW. Properties of BK(Ca) channels formed by bicistronic expression of hSloalpha and beta1-4 subunits in HEK293 cells.. J Membr Biol 2003 Mar 15;192(2):141-8.
              pubmed: 12682801doi: 10.1007/s00232-002-1070-0google scholar: lookup
            25. Mobasheri A, Mobasheri R, Francis MJ, Trujillo E, Alvarez de la Rosa D, Martín-Vasallo P. Ion transport in chondrocytes: membrane transporters involved in intracellular ion homeostasis and the regulation of cell volume, free [Ca2+] and pH.. Histol Histopathol 1998 Jul;13(3):893-910.
              pubmed: 9690144doi: 10.14670/HH-13.893google scholar: lookup
            26. Mobasheri A, Carter SD, Martín-Vasallo P, Shakibaei M. Integrins and stretch activated ion channels; putative components of functional cell surface mechanoreceptors in articular chondrocytes.. Cell Biol Int 2002;26(1):1-18.
              pubmed: 11779216doi: 10.1006/cbir.2001.0826google scholar: lookup
            27. Mobasheri A, Airley R, Foster CS, Schulze-Tanzil G, Shakibaei M. Post-genomic applications of tissue microarrays: basic research, prognostic oncology, clinical genomics and drug discovery.. Histol Histopathol 2004 Jan;19(1):325-35.
              pubmed: 14702201doi: 10.14670/HH-19.325google scholar: lookup
            28. Mobasheri A, Gent TC, Womack MD, Carter SD, Clegg PD, Barrett-Jolley R. Quantitative analysis of voltage-gated potassium currents from primary equine (Equus caballus) and elephant (Loxodonta africana) articular chondrocytes.. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2005 Jul;289(1):R172-80.
              pubmed: 15802557doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.00710.2004google scholar: lookup
            29. Mobasheri A, Gent TC, Nash AI, Womack MD, Moskaluk CA, Barrett-Jolley R. Evidence for functional ATP-sensitive (K(ATP)) potassium channels in human and equine articular chondrocytes.. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2007 Jan;15(1):1-8.
              pubmed: 16891130doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2006.06.017google scholar: lookup
            30. Morris CE, Homann U. Cell surface area regulation and membrane tension.. J Membr Biol 2001 Jan 15;179(2):79-102.
              pubmed: 11220366doi: 10.1007/s002320010040google scholar: lookup
            31. Mouw JK, Imler SM, Levenston ME. Ion-channel regulation of chondrocyte matrix synthesis in 3D culture under static and dynamic compression.. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2007 Jan;6(1-2):33-41.
              pubmed: 16767453doi: 10.1007/s10237-006-0034-1google scholar: lookup
            32. Pfander D, Gelse K. Hypoxia and osteoarthritis: how chondrocytes survive hypoxic environments.. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2007 Sep;19(5):457-62.
              pubmed: 17762611doi: 10.1097/BOR.0b013e3282ba5693google scholar: lookup
            33. Phan MN, Leddy HA, Votta BJ, Kumar S, Levy DS, Lipshutz DB, Lee SH, Liedtke W, Guilak F. Functional characterization of TRPV4 as an osmotically sensitive ion channel in porcine articular chondrocytes.. Arthritis Rheum 2009 Oct;60(10):3028-37.
              pmc: PMC2846816pubmed: 19790068doi: 10.1002/art.24799google scholar: lookup
            34. Ponce A. Expression of voltage dependent potassium currents in freshly dissociated rat articular chondrocytes.. Cell Physiol Biochem 2006;18(1-3):35-46.
              pubmed: 16914888doi: 10.1159/000095134google scholar: lookup
            35. Sachs F, Sokabe M. Stretch-activated ion channels and membrane mechanics.. Neurosci Res Suppl 1990;12:S1-4.
              pubmed: 1700845doi: 10.1016/0921-8696(90)90003-lgoogle scholar: lookup
            36. Salkoff L, Butler A, Ferreira G, Santi C, Wei A. High-conductance potassium channels of the SLO family.. Nat Rev Neurosci 2006 Dec;7(12):921-31.
              pubmed: 17115074doi: 10.1038/nrn1992google scholar: lookup
            37. Sánchez JC, Wilkins RJ. Changes in intracellular calcium concentration in response to hypertonicity in bovine articular chondrocytes.. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2004 Jan;137(1):173-82.
              pubmed: 14720602doi: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2003.09.025google scholar: lookup
            38. Schörle CM, Finger F, Zien A, Block JA, Gebhard PM, Aigner T. Phenotypic characterization of chondrosarcoma-derived cell lines.. Cancer Lett 2005 Aug 26;226(2):143-54.
              pubmed: 16039953doi: 10.1016/j.canlet.2004.11.022google scholar: lookup
            39. Schulze-Tanzil G, Mobasheri A, de Souza P, John T, Shakibaei M. Loss of chondrogenic potential in dedifferentiated chondrocytes correlates with deficient Shc-Erk interaction and apoptosis.. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2004 Jun;12(6):448-58.
              pubmed: 15135141doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2004.02.007google scholar: lookup
            40. Srinivas V, Bohensky J, Zahm AM, Shapiro IM. Autophagy in mineralizing tissues: microenvironmental perspectives.. Cell Cycle 2009 Feb 1;8(3):391-3.
              pmc: PMC2668933pubmed: 19177014doi: 10.4161/cc.8.3.7545google scholar: lookup
            41. Sutton S, Clutterbuck A, Harris P, Gent T, Freeman S, Foster N, Barrett-Jolley R, Mobasheri A. The contribution of the synovium, synovial derived inflammatory cytokines and neuropeptides to the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis.. Vet J 2009 Jan;179(1):10-24.
              pubmed: 17911037doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2007.08.013google scholar: lookup
            42. Tsuga K, Tohse N, Yoshino M, Sugimoto T, Yamashita T, Ishii S, Yabu H. Chloride conductance determining membrane potential of rabbit articular chondrocytes.. J Membr Biol 2002 Jan 1;185(1):75-81.
              pubmed: 11891566doi: 10.1007/s00232-001-0112-3google scholar: lookup
            43. Urban JP. The chondrocyte: a cell under pressure.. Br J Rheumatol 1994 Oct;33(10):901-8.
              pubmed: 7921748doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/33.10.901google scholar: lookup
            44. Urban JP. Present perspectives on cartilage and chondrocyte mechanobiology.. Biorheology 2000;37(1-2):185-90.
              pubmed: 10912191
            45. Urban JP, Hall AC, Gehl KA. Regulation of matrix synthesis rates by the ionic and osmotic environment of articular chondrocytes.. J Cell Physiol 1993 Feb;154(2):262-70.
              pubmed: 8425907doi: 10.1002/jcp.1041540208google scholar: lookup
            46. Wang L, Sigworth FJ. Structure of the BK potassium channel in a lipid membrane from electron cryomicroscopy.. Nature 2009 Sep 10;461(7261):292-5.
              pmc: PMC2797367pubmed: 19718020doi: 10.1038/nature08291google scholar: lookup
            47. Wohlrab D, Wohlrab J, Reichel H, Hein W. Is the proliferation of human chondrocytes regulated by ionic channels?. J Orthop Sci 2001;6(2):155-9.
              pubmed: 11484102doi: 10.1007/s007760100064google scholar: lookup
            48. Wohlrab D, Vocke M, Klapperstück T, Hein W. Effects of potassium and anion channel blockers on the cellular response of human osteoarthritic chondrocytes.. J Orthop Sci 2004;9(4):364-71.
              pubmed: 15278774doi: 10.1007/s00776-004-0789-0google scholar: lookup
            49. Wright M, Jobanputra P, Bavington C, Salter DM, Nuki G. Effects of intermittent pressure-induced strain on the electrophysiology of cultured human chondrocytes: evidence for the presence of stretch-activated membrane ion channels.. Clin Sci (Lond) 1996 Jan;90(1):61-71.
              pubmed: 8697707doi: 10.1042/cs0900061google scholar: lookup
            50. Wu QQ, Chen Q. Mechanoregulation of chondrocyte proliferation, maturation, and hypertrophy: ion-channel dependent transduction of matrix deformation signals.. Exp Cell Res 2000 May 1;256(2):383-91.
              pubmed: 10772811doi: 10.1006/excr.2000.4847google scholar: lookup

            Citations

            This article has been cited 30 times.
            1. Takács R, Kovács P, Ebeid RA, Almássy J, Fodor J, Ducza L, Barrett-Jolley R, Lewis R, Matta C. Ca(2+)-Activated K(+) Channels in Progenitor Cells of Musculoskeletal Tissues: A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023 Apr 5;24(7).
              doi: 10.3390/ijms24076796pubmed: 37047767google scholar: lookup
            2. Deng Z, Chen X, Lin Z, Alahdal M, Wang D, Liu J, Li W. The Homeostasis of Cartilage Matrix Remodeling and the Regulation of Volume-Sensitive Ion Channel. Aging Dis 2022 Jun;13(3):787-800.
              doi: 10.14336/AD.2021.1122pubmed: 35656105google scholar: lookup
            3. Ball STM, Celik N, Sayari E, Abdul Kadir L, O'Brien F, Barrett-Jolley R. DeepGANnel: Synthesis of fully annotated single molecule patch-clamp data using generative adversarial networks. PLoS One 2022;17(5):e0267452.
              doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267452pubmed: 35536793google scholar: lookup
            4. Maleckar MM, Martín-Vasallo P, Giles WR, Mobasheri A. Physiological Effects of the Electrogenic Current Generated by the Na(+)/K(+) Pump in Mammalian Articular Chondrocytes. Bioelectricity 2020 Sep 1;2(3):258-268.
              doi: 10.1089/bioe.2020.0036pubmed: 34471850google scholar: lookup
            5. Abdallat R, Kruchek E, Matta C, Lewis R, Labeed FH. Dielectrophoresis as a Tool to Reveal the Potential Role of Ion Channels and Early Electrophysiological Changes in Osteoarthritis. Micromachines (Basel) 2021 Aug 11;12(8).
              doi: 10.3390/mi12080949pubmed: 34442571google scholar: lookup
            6. Zhang K, Wang L, Liu Z, Geng B, Teng Y, Liu X, Yi Q, Yu D, Chen X, Zhao D, Xia Y. Mechanosensory and mechanotransductive processes mediated by ion channels in articular chondrocytes: Potential therapeutic targets for osteoarthritis. Channels (Austin) 2021 Dec;15(1):339-359.
              doi: 10.1080/19336950.2021.1903184pubmed: 33775217google scholar: lookup
            7. Wawrzkiewicz-Jałowiecka A, Trybek P, Machura Ł, Dworakowska B, Grzywna ZJ. Mechanosensitivity of the BK Channels in Human Glioblastoma Cells: Kinetics and Dynamical Complexity. J Membr Biol 2018 Dec;251(5-6):667-679.
              doi: 10.1007/s00232-018-0044-9pubmed: 30094475google scholar: lookup
            8. Gebremedhin D, Zhang DX, Weihrauch D, Uche NN, Harder DR. Detection of TRPV4 channel current-like activity in Fawn Hooded hypertensive (FHH) rat cerebral arterial muscle cells. PLoS One 2017;12(5):e0176796.
              doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176796pubmed: 28472069google scholar: lookup
            9. Suzuki Y, Ohya S, Yamamura H, Giles WR, Imaizumi Y. A New Splice Variant of Large Conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (BK) Channel α Subunit Alters Human Chondrocyte Function. J Biol Chem 2016 Nov 11;291(46):24247-24260.
              doi: 10.1074/jbc.M116.743302pubmed: 27758860google scholar: lookup
            10. Kumagai K, Toyoda F, Staunton CA, Maeda T, Okumura N, Matsuura H, Matsusue Y, Imai S, Barrett-Jolley R. Activation of a chondrocyte volume-sensitive Cl(-) conductance prior to macroscopic cartilage lesion formation in the rabbit knee anterior cruciate ligament transection osteoarthritis model. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2016 Oct;24(10):1786-1794.
              doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2016.05.019pubmed: 27266646google scholar: lookup
            11. Asmar A, Barrett-Jolley R, Werner A, Kelly R Jr, Stacey M. Membrane channel gene expression in human costal and articular chondrocytes. Organogenesis 2016 Apr 2;12(2):94-107.
              doi: 10.1080/15476278.2016.1181238pubmed: 27116676google scholar: lookup
            12. Ganguly K, McRury ID, Goodwin PM, Morgan RE, Augé WK 2nd. Native Chondrocyte Viability during Cartilage Lesion Progression: Normal to Surface Fibrillation. Cartilage 2010 Oct;1(4):306-11.
              doi: 10.1177/1947603510373918pubmed: 26069561google scholar: lookup
            13. Jahr H, Matta C, Mobasheri A. Physicochemical and biomechanical stimuli in cell-based articular cartilage repair. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2015 Mar;17(3):22.
              doi: 10.1007/s11926-014-0493-9pubmed: 25828845google scholar: lookup
            14. Feetham CH, Nunn N, Lewis R, Dart C, Barrett-Jolley R. TRPV4 and K(Ca) ion channels functionally couple as osmosensors in the paraventricular nucleus. Br J Pharmacol 2015 Apr;172(7):1753-68.
              doi: 10.1111/bph.13023pubmed: 25421636google scholar: lookup
            15. Hdud IM, Mobasheri A, Loughna PT. Effects of cyclic equibiaxial mechanical stretch on α-BK and TRPV4 expression in equine chondrocytes. Springerplus 2014;3:59.
              doi: 10.1186/2193-1801-3-59pubmed: 24516787google scholar: lookup
            16. Staunton CA, Lewis R, Barrett-Jolley R. Ion channels and osteoarthritic pain: potential for novel analgesics. Curr Pain Headache Rep 2013 Dec;17(12):378.
              doi: 10.1007/s11916-013-0378-zpubmed: 24198035google scholar: lookup
            17. Lewis R, May H, Mobasheri A, Barrett-Jolley R. Chondrocyte channel transcriptomics: do microarray data fit with expression and functional data?. Channels (Austin) 2013 Nov-Dec;7(6):459-67.
              doi: 10.4161/chan.26071pubmed: 23995703google scholar: lookup
            18. Chong KW, Chanalaris A, Burleigh A, Jin H, Watt FE, Saklatvala J, Vincent TL. Fibroblast growth factor 2 drives changes in gene expression following injury to murine cartilage in vitro and in vivo. Arthritis Rheum 2013 Sep;65(9):2346-55.
              doi: 10.1002/art.38039pubmed: 23740825google scholar: lookup
            19. Mobasheri A, Lewis R, Ferreira-Mendes A, Rufino A, Dart C, Barrett-Jolley R. Potassium channels in articular chondrocytes. Channels (Austin) 2012 Nov-Dec;6(6):416-25.
              doi: 10.4161/chan.22340pubmed: 23064164google scholar: lookup
            20. Lewis R, Feetham CH, Gentles L, Penny J, Tregilgas L, Tohami W, Mobasheri A, Barrett-Jolley R. Benzamil sensitive ion channels contribute to volume regulation in canine chondrocytes. Br J Pharmacol 2013 Apr;168(7):1584-96.
              doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.02185.xpubmed: 22928819google scholar: lookup
            21. Hdud IM, El-Shafei AA, Loughna P, Barrett-Jolley R, Mobasheri A. Expression of Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid (TRPV) channels in different passages of articular chondrocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2012;13(4):4433-4445.
              doi: 10.3390/ijms13044433pubmed: 22605988google scholar: lookup
            22. Guilak F. Biomechanical factors in osteoarthritis. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2011 Dec;25(6):815-23.
              doi: 10.1016/j.berh.2011.11.013pubmed: 22265263google scholar: lookup
            23. Leong DJ, Hardin JA, Cobelli NJ, Sun HB. Mechanotransduction and cartilage integrity. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2011 Dec;1240:32-7.
              doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06301.xpubmed: 22172037google scholar: lookup
            24. Varga Z, Juhász T, Matta C, Fodor J, Katona É, Bartok A, Oláh T, Sebe A, Csernoch L, Panyi G, Zákány R. Switch of voltage-gated K+ channel expression in the plasma membrane of chondrogenic cells affects cytosolic Ca2+-oscillations and cartilage formation. PLoS One 2011;6(11):e27957.
              doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027957pubmed: 22132179google scholar: lookup
            25. Clark RB, Kondo C, Belke DD, Giles WR. Two-pore domain K⁺ channels regulate membrane potential of isolated human articular chondrocytes. J Physiol 2011 Nov 1;589(Pt 21):5071-89.
              doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.2011.210757pubmed: 21911614google scholar: lookup
            26. Barrett-Jolley R, Lewis R, Fallman R, Mobasheri A. The emerging chondrocyte channelome. Front Physiol 2010;1:135.
              doi: 10.3389/fphys.2010.00135pubmed: 21423376google scholar: lookup
            27. Lewis R, Asplin KE, Bruce G, Dart C, Mobasheri A, Barrett-Jolley R. The role of the membrane potential in chondrocyte volume regulation. J Cell Physiol 2011 Nov;226(11):2979-86.
              doi: 10.1002/jcp.22646pubmed: 21328349google scholar: lookup
            28. Green ME, Goforth PB, Satin LS, Love BJ. An integrated instrument for rapidly deforming living cells using rapid pressure pulses and simultaneously monitoring applied strain in near real time. Rev Sci Instrum 2010 Dec;81(12):125102.
              doi: 10.1063/1.3520135pubmed: 21198046google scholar: lookup
            29. Ponce A, Jimenez L, Roldan ML, Shoshani L. Ion Currents Mediated by TRPA1 Channels in Freshly Dissociated Rat Articular Chondrocytes: Biophysical Properties and Regulation by Inflammatory Processes. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2025 Feb 26;18(3).
              doi: 10.3390/ph18030332pubmed: 40143111google scholar: lookup
            30. Ponce A, Ogazon Del Toro A, Jimenez L, Roldan ML, Shoshani L. Osmotically Sensitive TREK Channels in Rat Articular Chondrocytes: Expression and Functional Role. Int J Mol Sci 2024 Jul 18;25(14).
              doi: 10.3390/ijms25147848pubmed: 39063089google scholar: lookup
            Subscribe to our newsletter
            Join 99,001 horse owners like you who receive our email updates on horse health and nutrition.