Clinical and virological evaluation of the efficacy of an inactivated EHV1 and EHV4 whole virus vaccine (Duvaxyn EHV1,4). Vaccination/challenge experiments in foals and pregnant mares.
Abstract: Pregnant mares and young foals were vaccinated with Duvaxyn EHV1,4, an inactivated and adjuvanted vaccine containing both the EHV-1 and 4 antigens. SN and CF antibody titres were induced two weeks after first vaccination. Antibody levels were boosted after second vaccination, however they never reached the levels induced after virus challenge. Young foals were challenged with virulent EHV-1 and EHV-4 field viruses. Pregnant mares were challenged with the highly abortigenic EHV-1 strain Ab4. Vaccinated animals showed a clear reduction in clinical signs and virus excretion compared to unvaccinated control animals. Log transformed antibody levels could be correlated to duration of virus excretion. The incidence of EHV-1 induced abortions was drastically reduced in vaccinated mares. Therefore, although vaccinated animals are not fully protected against disease, Duvaxyn EHV1,4 clearly reduces clinical symptoms, the duration of virus shedding and the quantity of virus shed. It can be concluded that vaccination of foals and pregnant mares with Duvaxyn EHV1,4 significantly reduces the risk of abortions and outbreaks of respiratory disease caused by circulating field viruses.
Publication Date: 2001-07-18 PubMed ID: 11457558DOI: 10.1016/s0264-410x(01)00131-1Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
Summary
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The research paper discusses a study on the effectiveness of Duvaxyn EHV1,4, a vaccine for equine herpesvirus (EHV) strains 1 & 4, in preventing respiratory disease and abortions in foals and pregnant mares. The vaccination was found to notably reduce clinical symptoms, viral shedding time, and quantity of virus excreted, leading to a significant reduction in disease outbreak risk.
Methodology and Experimental Procedure
- The study involved vaccinating pregnant mares and young foals with Duvaxyn EHV1,4, an adjuvanted and inactivated vaccine that contains both the EHV-1 and 4 antigens, which induce the immune response to these strains of equine herpesvirus.
- The immune response to the vaccine was tracked via the measurement of SN and CF antibody titres, indicators of the body’s defense mechanism against the specific viruses, two weeks after the initial vaccination.
- A boost in antibody levels was observed after the second vaccination, although these levels never reached those induced in situations of actual viral challenge.
- Following the vaccinations, “virus challenges” were performed where the foals were exposed to virulent strains of EHV-1 and -4 while the pregnant mares were exposed to the EHV-1 strain Ab4, known for causing abortions.
Results and Conclusions
- Vaccinated animals demonstrated a noticeable reduction in clinical signs of disease compared to their unvaccinated counterparts; they also excreted lesser amounts of the virus and did so for a shorter duration.
- Interestingly, a correlation was established between the log-transformed antibody levels and the duration of viral shedding. Higher antibody levels in the vaccinated animals corresponded to shorter durations of virus shedding.
- Most significantly, the vaccine was found to substantially lower the occurrence of EHV-1-induced abortions in the vaccinated mares.
- The study concluded that even though the Duvaxyn EHV1,4 vaccine does not provide complete protection against disease, it significantly reduces clinical symptoms, the duration and quantity of virus shedding.
- Therefore, the use of the vaccine is beneficial in preventing outbreaks of respiratory diseases caused by the viruses in the field and lowering the risk of abortions in pregnant mares.
Cite This Article
APA
Heldens JG, Hannant D, Cullinane AA, Prendergast MJ, Mumford JA, Nelly M, Kydd JH, Weststrate MW, van den Hoven R.
(2001).
Clinical and virological evaluation of the efficacy of an inactivated EHV1 and EHV4 whole virus vaccine (Duvaxyn EHV1,4). Vaccination/challenge experiments in foals and pregnant mares.
Vaccine, 19(30), 4307-4317.
https://doi.org/10.1016/s0264-410x(01)00131-1 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Fort Dodge Animal Health Holland, Department of Bio R&D, C.J. van Houtenlaan 36, 1381, CP Weesp, The Netherlands. jacco.heldens@intervet.com
MeSH Terms
- Abortion, Veterinary / prevention & control
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral / blood
- Female
- Fever / etiology
- Herpesviridae Infections / prevention & control
- Herpesviridae Infections / veterinary
- Herpesvirus 1, Equid / immunology
- Herpesvirus 1, Equid / isolation & purification
- Herpesvirus 4, Equid / immunology
- Herpesvirus 4, Equid / isolation & purification
- Horse Diseases / prevention & control
- Horses
- Nasopharynx / virology
- Pregnancy
- Vaccination / veterinary
- Vaccines, Inactivated / immunology
- Viral Vaccines / immunology
- Viremia / virology
Citations
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