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Veterinary surgery : VS2023; doi: 10.1111/vsu.14023

Clinical findings, surgical techniques, prognostic factors for short-term survival and long-term outcome in horses with acquired inguinal hernias: Ninety-eight cases (2005-2020).

Abstract: To report findings, outcome and determine variables associated with survival in horses with acquired inguinal hernia (AIH). Methods: Retrospective study. Methods: A total of 98 cases in 97 horses. Methods: The medical records (2005-2020) of horses diagnosed with AIH were reviewed. Retrieved data included signalment, history, clinical variables, surgical aspects, postoperative complications, and short- and long-term outcomes. Logistic regression analyses were used to determine factors associated with short-term survival (p < .05). Results: Manual reduction was attempted in a third of the cases (32/98, 33%) and emergency surgery to reduce the hernia was performed in 64 of 98 (65%) cases. Concurrent small intestinal (SI) volvulus was identified in 26 (26/98, 27%) cases. Castration was the most common technique used to prevent recurrence (64/94, 68%). Overall AIH recurrence rate was 11% (11/98). A total of 59 (59/98, 60%) cases survived to hospital discharge and 49 of 52 (94%) cases were still alive after 12 months. Cases admitted within 10 h of colic signs had increased odds of survival (72%) compared to those admitted after 10 h (26%; p < .001). Draft breeds (p = .021), high heart rate on admission (p = .001) and concurrent SI volvulus (p = .048) were associated with reduced survival to hospital discharge. Conclusions: Horses with AIH had a higher risk of concurrent SI volvulus and lower survival than reported. Draft breeds, high heart rate on admission and concurrent SI volvulus were associated with reduced short-term survival. Conclusions: The results of this study should help in prognostication for horses with AIH.
© 2023 The American College of Veterinary Surgeons.
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Publication Date: 2023-08-31 PubMed ID: 37650370DOI: 10.1111/vsu.14023Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

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The research study analyses the clinical findings, surgical procedures and their impacts on short and long-term survival rates of horses diagnosed with Acquired Inguinal Hernia (AIH). The study concludes that horses with AIH have a higher risk of simultaneous Small Intestine (SI) volvulus and lower survival rates, and also identifies Draft breeds, high heart rate on admission, and co-occurrence of SI volvulus as factors leading to reduced short-term survival.

Methodology

  • The researchers carried out a retrospective study, examining the medical records of horses diagnosed with AIH between 2005 and 2020.
  • A total of 98 cases were studied, with data concerning the horses’ medical history, clinical variables, surgical procedures attempted, postoperative complications, and short and long-term outcomes retrieved for analysis.
  • The aim was to identify the factors associated with short-term survival in these cases, using Logistic regression analyses for this purpose.

Results

  • In 33% of the cases, manual reduction surgery was attempted, whereas in 65% of the cases, emergency surgery was undertaken to reduce the hernia.
  • Concurrent SI volvulus was discovered in 27% of the cases.
  • Castration was found to be the most frequently used technique to prevent recurrence of AIH, employed in 68% of the cases studied. The overall recurrence rate of AIH, nonetheless, was 11%.
  • About 60% of the cases survived until hospital discharge and 94% of these were still alive after 12 months.
  • It was observed that horses admitted within 10 hours of colic signs had a 72% chance of survival, in contrast to a 26% survival rate in horses admitted after 10 hours.
  • Negative influencing factors on survival to hospital discharge included being of a Draft breed, exhibiting a high heart rate on admission, and having concurrent SI volvulus.

Conclusions

  • The study concluded that horses diagnosed with AIH had higher chances of simultaneous SI volvulus and displayed lower survival rates than reported previously.
  • The breed of the horse (specifically Draft breeds), the horse’s heart rate on admission, and the occurrence of SI volvulus alongside the hernia were identified as factors contributing to reduced short-term survival.
  • The findings of this study should aid in prognostication for horses diagnosed with AIH, helping in planning and implementing appropriate treatments.

Cite This Article

APA
François I, Lepage OM, Schramme MC, Salciccia A, Detilleux J, Grulke S. (2023). Clinical findings, surgical techniques, prognostic factors for short-term survival and long-term outcome in horses with acquired inguinal hernias: Ninety-eight cases (2005-2020). Vet Surg. https://doi.org/10.1111/vsu.14023

Publication

Veterinary surgery : VS
ISSN: 1532-950X
NlmUniqueID: 8113214
Country: United States
Language: English

Researcher Affiliations

François, Isé
  • Center for Equine Health, Veterinary School of Lyon, VetAgro Sup, University of Lyon, Marcy l'Etoile, France.
Lepage, Olivier M
  • Center for Equine Health, Veterinary School of Lyon, VetAgro Sup, University of Lyon, Marcy l'Etoile, France.
Schramme, Michael C
  • Center for Equine Health, Veterinary School of Lyon, VetAgro Sup, University of Lyon, Marcy l'Etoile, France.
Salciccia, Alexandra
  • Clinical Department of Equids, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
Detilleux, Johann
  • Clinical Department of Equids, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
Grulke, Sigrid
  • Clinical Department of Equids, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.

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Citations

This article has been cited 3 times.
  1. Bishop RC, Arrington JV, Wilkins PA, McCoy AM. Alterations in the Peritoneal Fluid Proteome of Horses with Colic Attributed to Ischemic and Non-Ischemic Intestinal Disease. Animals (Basel) 2025 May 30;15(11).
    doi: 10.3390/ani15111604pubmed: 40509070google scholar: lookup
  2. Vázquez FJ, Argüelles D, Muñoz JA, Genton M, Méndez Angulo JL, Climent F, Roquet I, Iglesias M, Velloso Álvarez A, Vitoria A, Bulnes F, Saitua A, Romero A, Ezquerra J, Prades M, López-Sanromán FJ, Rossignol F. Use of Knotless Barbed Sutures in Laparoscopic Inguinal Hernioplasty in Horses: 40 Cases. Animals (Basel) 2024 Jun 19;14(12).
    doi: 10.3390/ani14121826pubmed: 38929445google scholar: lookup
  3. Waqas MS, Arroyo E, Tibary A. Diagnostic Approach to Equine Testicular Disorders. Vet Sci 2024 May 29;11(6).
    doi: 10.3390/vetsci11060243pubmed: 38921990google scholar: lookup
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