Clostridium perfringens cellulitis and immune-mediated hemolytic anemia in a horse.
Abstract: A 10-year-old Quarter Horse mare was referred for evaluation and treatment of a large pectoral skin slough and hemoglobinuria. The skin slough was secondary to Clostridium perfringens cellulitis and associated gas gangrene. Cold hemagglutinin disease was diagnosed and was suspected to be secondary to C perfringens septicemia. The autoimmune hemolytic anemia, severe intravascular hemolysis, and hemoglobinuria were treated with dexamethasone and hydrocortisone. The infection was treated with 20 X 10(6) units of sodium penicillin, IV, 4 times daily, and the wound was debrided. When the mare relapsed, treatment was changed to 6 g of chloramphenicol sodium succinate, IV, 4 times daily. The mare died on day 11 of hospitalization, despite intensive therapy.
Publication Date: 1983-02-01 PubMed ID: 6826449
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Summary
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The research discusses a case of a 10-year-old mare that was suffering from intense skin infection and hemoglobinuria due to a bacteria called Clostridium perfringens. Despite medical intervention, the horse did not survive the infection.
Introduction
This research revolves around the case study of a 10-year-old Quarter horse’s health condition. It primarily focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of a severely infected skin condition and the presence of an unusually high levels of hemoglobin in the horse’s urine, conditions that are symptomatic of Clostridium perfringens septicemia and autoimmune hemolytic anemia.
Clostridium perfringens Cellulitis
- The source of the horse’s health complications was an intense skin infection caused by a bacterium called Clostridium perfringens.
- This bacterium can result in cellulitis, a potentially serious bacterial skin infection that can spread rapidly. In severe cases, it can cause gas gangrene, a severe form of gangrene where the local death of soft tissues is accompanied by gas production.
Immune-Mediated Hemolytic Anemia
- The horse was also diagnosed with immune-mediated hemolytic anemia, a condition where the body’s immune system wrongly identifies its own red blood cells as a threat and starts destroying them.
- This condition can result in severe intravascular hemolysis (destruction of red blood cells) and hemoglobinuria (a condition characterized by the presence of abnormally high levels of hemoglobin in urine).
Treatment
- To combat the effects of hemolytic anemia and hemoglobinuria, the horse was treated with a combination of dexamethasone, which is used to reduce inflammation, and hydrocortisone, a corticosteroid which helps reduce the immune system’s response.
- The bacterial infection was targeted with doses of sodium penicillin four times a day, and the wound was cleaned and debrided to prevent further infection.
- However, when these efforts were not successful in controlling the infection, the treatment was shifted to chloramphenicol sodium succinate, another type of antibiotic.
Outcome
- Despite administering extensive treatment, the horse did not survive and died on the 11th day of hospitalization.
- This gives insight into the severity and progression of the infection caused by Clostridium perfringens and the difficulty in treating severe cases effectively.
Cite This Article
APA
Reef VB.
(1983).
Clostridium perfringens cellulitis and immune-mediated hemolytic anemia in a horse.
J Am Vet Med Assoc, 182(3), 251-254.
Publication
Researcher Affiliations
MeSH Terms
- Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune / diagnosis
- Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune / veterinary
- Animals
- Cellulitis / diagnosis
- Cellulitis / veterinary
- Clostridium Infections / diagnosis
- Clostridium Infections / veterinary
- Female
- Gas Gangrene / diagnosis
- Gas Gangrene / veterinary
- Horse Diseases / diagnosis
- Horses
Citations
This article has been cited 1 times.- Valberg SJ, McKinnon AO. Clostridial cellulitis in the horse: a report of five cases. Can Vet J 1984 Feb;25(2):67-71.
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