Combined immunodeficiency in foals in Arabian breeding: evaluation of mode of inheritance and estimation of prevalence of affected foals and carrier mares and stallions.
Abstract: Combined immunodeficiency (CID), a defect in both B- and T-lymphocytes, was found to occur in 2.3% of 257 foals of Arabian breeding. All affected foals died by 5 months of age. The belief that CID is transmitted as an autosomal recessive genetic defect was supported by results from matings of dams and sires that had previously produced affected foals. Based on a prevalence of 2.3%, the proportion of carriers of the CID trait among the adult population surveyed was estimated to be 25.7%. Recent descriptions of other immunologic defects in foals emphasized the need for careful differential diagnosis. Disorders that could be confused with CID include failure in passive transfer of immunoglobulins from dam to foal, via colostrum; transient hypogammaglobulinemia; agammaglobulinemia (associated with B-lymphocyte deficiency and normal T-lymphocytes), and selective IgM deficiency.
Publication Date: 1977-01-01 PubMed ID: 299745
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
- Research Support
- U.S. Gov't
- P.H.S.
Summary
This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.
This study investigates a genetic disease, Combined Immunodeficiency (CID), in Arabian horse foals, confirming the condition’s likely autosomal recessive inheritance and its estimated prevalence among the affected and carrier population.
Research Background and Aim
- This research was set out to investigate the prevalence and dissemination pattern of Combined Immunodeficiency (CID) – a defect impacting both B- and T-lymphocytes – in Arabian breeding foals.
- CID is fatal and all affected foals in the study died by 5 months of age, putting a spotlight on the necessity of this research.
- The researchers also sought to verify the belief that CID is passed down through an autosomal recessive genetic process.
Research Findings and Interpretation
- The samples for this study comprised 257 Arabian foals, 2.3% of which were found to have CID.
- The research confirms that CID is likely transmitted via an autosomal recessive genetic defect. This assertion comes from the fact that the disease appeared in foals whose parents (dams and sires) had previously produced foals with CID.
- Considering the CID prevalence of 2.3%, it is further estimated that about 25.7% of the adult horse population surveyed were carriers of the CID trait. These carriers may not show signs of the disorder but can pass the defective gene onto their offspring.
Other Considerations
- Findings from this research present implications for identifying other immunologic defects in foals, emphasizing the need for careful differential diagnoses.
- The study points out that CID could possibly be mixed up with other disorders such as failure in passive transfer of immunoglobulins from dam to foal, transient hypogammaglobulinemia, agammaglobulinemia (associated with B-lymphocyte deficiency and normal T-lymphocytes), and selective IgM deficiency. These disorders present similar symptom clusters, thereby complicating the accurate diagnosis of CID.
Conclusion
- The study affords valuable insight into CID, its transmission pattern, and prevalence in Arabian foals, thereby aiding in more informed breeding decisions and early diagnosis of the condition.
Cite This Article
APA
Poppie MJ, McGuire TC.
(1977).
Combined immunodeficiency in foals in Arabian breeding: evaluation of mode of inheritance and estimation of prevalence of affected foals and carrier mares and stallions.
J Am Vet Med Assoc, 170(1), 31-33.
Publication
Researcher Affiliations
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- B-Lymphocytes
- Dysgammaglobulinemia / genetics
- Dysgammaglobulinemia / veterinary
- Female
- Genes, Recessive
- Horse Diseases / genetics
- Horses
- Immunoglobulin M
- Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes / genetics
- Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes / veterinary
- Lymphopenia / genetics
- Lymphopenia / veterinary
- Male
- T-Lymphocytes
Citations
This article has been cited 5 times.- McCLURE JT, Lunn DP, McGUIRK SM. Combined immunodeficiency in 3 foals.. Equine Vet Educ 1993 Feb;5(1):14-18.
- Bjorneby JM, Leach DR, Perryman LE. Persistent cryptosporidiosis in horses with severe combined immunodeficiency.. Infect Immun 1991 Oct;59(10):3823-6.
- Buening GM, Perryman LE, McGuire TC. Immunoglobulins and secretory component in the external secretions of foals with combined immunodeficiency.. Infect Immun 1978 Feb;19(2):695-8.
- Magnuson NS, Perryman LE. In vitro of adenosine on lymphocytes and erythrocytes from horses with combined immunodeficiency.. J Clin Invest 1979 Jul;64(1):89-101.
- Splitter GA, Incefy G, Iwata T, McGuire TC. Evaluation of functional thymic hormones in Arabian horses with severe combined immunodeficiency.. Clin Exp Immunol 1979 Oct;38(1):37-44.
Use Nutrition Calculator
Check if your horse's diet meets their nutrition requirements with our easy-to-use tool Check your horse's diet with our easy-to-use tool
Talk to a Nutritionist
Discuss your horse's feeding plan with our experts over a free phone consultation Discuss your horse's diet over a phone consultation
Submit Diet Evaluation
Get a customized feeding plan for your horse formulated by our equine nutritionists Get a custom feeding plan formulated by our nutritionists
