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Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI2007; 14(11); 1465-1471; doi: 10.1128/CVI.00249-07

Comparative efficacies of three commercially available vaccines against West Nile Virus (WNV) in a short-duration challenge trial involving an equine WNV encephalitis model.

Abstract: We used a severe challenge model that produces clinical West Nile virus (WNV) disease to test the efficacy of three commercially available equine WNV vaccines in horses. Twenty-four healthy, WNV-seronegative horses of varying ages and genders were placed, in random and blind manner, into three trial groups consisting of eight horses each; two horses in each group received (i) an inactivated WNV vaccine (K-WN), (ii) a modified-live vaccine (CP-WN) containing the WNV prM and E proteins expressed by a canarypox vector, (iii) a live-chimera vaccine (WN-FV) containing WNV prM and E proteins expressed in a YF17D vector, or (iv) a diluent control. Challenge by this model caused grave neurological signs, viremia, moderate to severe histopathologic lesions in the brain and spinal cord, and an outcome of 0% survivorship in all six control horses. In contrast, challenge in horses at between 28 days postvaccination with the chimera vaccine and 56 days postvaccination with the commercial inactivated or modified-live vaccine resulted in 100% survivorship (protection from the onset of WNV encephalitis and viremia). Horses vaccinated with the live-chimera vaccine showed significantly fewer clinical signs than did the control horses (P </= 0.01) and the horses vaccinated with inactivated vaccine (P = 0.035). Mild residual inflammatory lesions were seen in a few of the vaccinated horses.
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Publication Date: 2007-08-08 PubMed ID: 17687109PubMed Central: PMC2168174DOI: 10.1128/CVI.00249-07Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Comparative Study
  • Journal Article
  • Randomized Controlled Trial
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research study examined the effectiveness of three commercially available vaccines meant to combat West Nile Virus in horses. The results indicated that all three vaccines provided protection, but a significant decrease in clinical symptoms was observed in horses that received the chimera vaccine.

Methodology

  • The researchers conducted a severe challenge model that replicates clinical West Nile virus (WNV) disease to test the efficacy of three vaccines. This model was developed to mimic severe WNV effects in horses.
  • Twenty-four healthy, West Nile virus-seronegative horses of various ages and genders were included in the study. The horses were randomly assigned to one of three groups, each containing eight horses. Each group was then further divided to receive one of three vaccines or a diluent control.
  • The three vaccines administered were inactivated WNV vaccine (K-WN), a modified-live vaccine (CP-WN), and live-chimera vaccine (WN-FV).
  • Each vaccine was evaluated based on its ability to protect horses from WNV, postvaccination response, and possible side effects.

Results

  • In an extreme series of tests, where horses were severely challenged by the model, all six control horses showed grave neurological symptoms, viremia, notable histopathologic lesions in the brain and spinal cord, and no survivors.
  • Conversely, horses that were vaccinated with any of the three commercial vaccines showed a survival rate of 100%. Such high levels of protection were observed between 28 and 56 days post-vaccination.
  • Horses that received the live-chimera vaccine exhibited significantly fewer clinical symptoms compared to those that received the inactivated vaccine and the control group. The decline in symptom occurrence was noteworthy enough to suggest that the live-chimera vaccine may provide superior protection against WNV.
  • Only a few minor residual inflammatory lesions were found in some of the vaccinated horses, indicating that the vaccines’ side effects are infrequent and generally mild.

Conclusions

  • The study highlights the effectiveness of three commercially available equine WNV vaccines in protecting against WNV. All three vaccines demonstrated promising results when administered to WNV-seronegative horses.
  • Specifically, protections from the onset of WNV encephalitis and viremia were remarkable among the vaccinated horses, with a 100% survival rate observed.
  • Among the three vaccines studied, horses vaccinated with the live-chimera vaccine showed significantly fewer clinical signs, indicating that this vaccine might offer better overall protection against WNV.
  • The limited occurrence of mild residual inflammatory lesions in some vaccinated horses indicates that the side effects of all three vaccines tested are generally rare and manageable.

Cite This Article

APA
Seino KK, Long MT, Gibbs EP, Bowen RA, Beachboard SE, Humphrey PP, Dixon MA, Bourgeois MA. (2007). Comparative efficacies of three commercially available vaccines against West Nile Virus (WNV) in a short-duration challenge trial involving an equine WNV encephalitis model. Clin Vaccine Immunol, 14(11), 1465-1471. https://doi.org/10.1128/CVI.00249-07

Publication

Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI
ISSN: 1556-6811
NlmUniqueID: 101252125
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 14
Issue: 11
Pages: 1465-1471

Researcher Affiliations

Seino, K K
  • College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 2015 SW 16th Avenue, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA. seinok@mail.vetmed.ufl.edu
Long, M T
    Gibbs, E P J
      Bowen, R A
        Beachboard, S E
          Humphrey, P P
            Dixon, M A
              Bourgeois, M A

                MeSH Terms

                • Animals
                • Antibodies, Viral / blood
                • Horse Diseases / immunology
                • Horse Diseases / prevention & control
                • Horse Diseases / virology
                • Horses
                • West Nile Fever / immunology
                • West Nile Fever / prevention & control
                • West Nile Fever / veterinary
                • West Nile Fever / virology
                • West Nile Virus Vaccines / administration & dosage
                • West Nile Virus Vaccines / immunology
                • West Nile virus / immunology
                • West Nile virus / isolation & purification

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