FREE SHIPPING over $40
OVER 9000 FIVE-STAR REVIEWS
5% OFF ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS
100% HAPPINESS GUARANTEE
Analyze Diet
0
Home / Equine Research Bank / Acta Vet Scand / Comparative studies on the histological characteristics of e...
Acta veterinaria Scandinavica2020; 62(1); 34; doi: 10.1186/s13028-020-00534-2

Comparative studies on the histological characteristics of equine nasomaxillary aperture and paranasal sinus mucosa considering topographic and age-related differences.

Abstract: Horses may acquire a range of paranasal sinus diseases. Clinical studies show slight differences regarding anatomical regions and age. Histopathological examination of tissue samples could play an important role in the diagnostic process. Therefore, detailed knowledge of the histological appearance of the paranasal sinus mucosa (PSM) and the nasomaxillary aperture mucosa (NAM) is essential. The objective of this study was to determine topographic and age-related differences within the healthy equine PSM. In addition, we aimed to gain detailed knowledge of the histological appearance of the NAM in comparison to the PSM. Results: The PSM had an average height of 75.72 ± 44.48 μm with a two-row pseudostratified columnar epithelium of 13.52 ± 4.78 μm. The parameters mucosal height, epithelial height and number of goblet cells revealed significant dependency of the sample site and age group. The maxillary and dorsal conchal sinus showed the highest values for these parameters. In terms of age, younger horses showed a significantly higher total mucosal height in contrast to a significantly lower epithelial height than older horses. Positive correlation was seen between the epithelial height and number of goblet cells. The NAM had an average height of 820.27 ± 653.21 μm. Its pseudostratified epithelium was usually arranged in three rows and had an average height of 44.9 ± 12.78 μm. The number of goblet cells in the NAM was five times higher than in the PSM. Serous glands were found in only 4% of the PSM samples and 100% of the NAM samples. Conclusions: There are significant histological differences between different paranasal sinus sites and between different groups of age. This may be related to an altered susceptibility for certain pathologies. The striking difference in the histological appearance of the NAM compared to the PSM could be due to an enhanced role in mucociliary clearance. Further studies are necessary to improve the understanding of mucosal function in specific paranasal sinus compartments and mucosal changes generated by different diseases.
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 2020-06-23 PubMed ID: 32576268PubMed Central: PMC7310435DOI: 10.1186/s13028-020-00534-2Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedInCopy
  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research seeks to understand differences in the histological characteristics of equine nasomaxillary aperture mucosa (NAM) and paranasal sinus mucosa (PSM), and how these vary with topography and age. The study found significant differences in these tissues according to their location and the age of the horse, possibly implying varying susceptibility to certain pathologies. The NAM’s markedly different histology may be attributed to its increased role in mucociliary clearance.

Research Objective

  • The research aimed to understand the histological structure of paranasal sinus mucosa (PSM) and nasomaxillary aperture mucosa (NAM) in healthy horses. The researchers sought to determine age-related and topographic variations within PSM. They also aspired to compare the histology of NAM with PSM.

Results Summary

  • The PSM had an average height of 75.72 ± 44.48 μm with a two-row pseudostratified columnar epithelium of 13.52 ± 4.78 μm. Meanwhile, NAM had an average height of 820.27 ± 653.21 μm with usually a three-row pseudostratified epithelium.
  • Parameters like mucosal height, epithelial height, and the number of epithelial goblet cells showed significant differences across sample sites and age groups.
  • The highest values of these parameters were recorded in the maxillary and dorsal conchal sinus. The total mucosal height was significantly higher in young horses, while their epithelial height was significantly less compared to older horses. There was a positive correlation between the epithelial height and the number of goblet cells.
  • The NAM had five times more goblet cells than the PSM, and serous glands were found in 100% of the NAM samples compared to just 4% in the PSM samples.

Conclusions and Implications

  • The research found significant histological differences in different paranasal sinus sites and between different age groups. These could potentially influence the susceptibility of horses to certain diseases.
  • The NAM, compared to the PSM, had a different microscopic appearance, potentially due to its increased role in mucociliary clearance, a process that helps keep the airways clear of microbes and dust.
  • Understanding these histological differences and age-dependent susceptibilities can greatly aid in the diagnosis and treatment of equine paranasal sinus diseases. Further research is required to better understand mucosal functions and disease-induced changes in specific paranasal sinus compartments.

Cite This Article

APA
Schwieder A, Pfarrer C, Ohnesorge B, Staszyk C, Bienert-Zeit A. (2020). Comparative studies on the histological characteristics of equine nasomaxillary aperture and paranasal sinus mucosa considering topographic and age-related differences. Acta Vet Scand, 62(1), 34. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13028-020-00534-2

Publication

Acta veterinaria Scandinavica
ISSN: 1751-0147
NlmUniqueID: 0370400
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 62
Issue: 1
Pages: 34
PII: 34

Researcher Affiliations

Schwieder, Alexander
  • Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 9, 30559, Hannover, Germany. alexander.schwieder@tiho-hannover.de.
Pfarrer, Christiane
  • Institute of Anatomy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173, Hannover, Germany.
Ohnesorge, Bernhard
  • Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 9, 30559, Hannover, Germany.
Staszyk, Carsten
  • Institute for Veterinary-Anatomy, -Histology and -Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of the Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Frankfurter Str. 98, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
Bienert-Zeit, Astrid
  • Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 9, 30559, Hannover, Germany.

MeSH Terms

  • Age Factors
  • Animals
  • Cadaver
  • Cross-Sectional Studies
  • Horses / anatomy & histology
  • Maxilla / anatomy & histology
  • Nasal Mucosa / anatomy & histology
  • Paranasal Sinuses / anatomy & histology
  • Skull / anatomy & histology

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

References

This article includes 51 references
  1. Gergeleit H, Verspohl J, Rohde J, Rohn K, Ohnesorge B, Bienert-Zeit A. A prospective study on the microbiological examination of secretions from the paranasal sinuses in horses in health and disease.. Acta Vet Scand 2018 Jul 5;60(1):43.
    pmc: PMC6034245pubmed: 29976217doi: 10.1186/s13028-018-0394-4google scholar: lookup
  2. Kaminsky J, Bienert-Zeit A, Hellige M, Rohn K, Ohnesorge B. Comparison of image quality and in vivo appearance of the normal equine nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses in computed tomography and high field (3.0 T) magnetic resonance imaging.. BMC Vet Res 2016 Jan 19;12:13.
    pmc: PMC4717646pubmed: 26786270doi: 10.1186/s12917-016-0643-6google scholar: lookup
  3. Froydenlund TJ, Dixon PM, Smith SH, Reardon RJ. Anatomical and histological study of the dorsal and ventral nasal conchal bullae in normal horses.. Vet Rec 2015 Nov 28;177(21):542.
    pubmed: 26585864doi: 10.1136/vr.103408google scholar: lookup
  4. Arencibia A, Vázquez JM, Jaber R, Gil F, Ramírez JA, Rivero M, González N, Wisner ER. Magnetic resonance imaging and cross sectional anatomy of the normal equine sinuses and nasal passages.. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2000 Jul-Aug;41(4):313-9.
    pubmed: 10955492doi: 10.1111/j.1740-8261.2000.tb02079.xgoogle scholar: lookup
  5. Fenner MF, Verwilghen D, Townsend N, Simhofer H, Schwarzer J, Zani DD, Bienert-Zeit A. Paranasal sinus cysts in the horse: Complications related to their presence and surgical treatment in 37 cases.. Equine Vet J 2019 Jan;51(1):57-63.
    pubmed: 29679404doi: 10.1111/evj.12959google scholar: lookup
  6. Liuti T. Morphological assessment of paranasal sinuses and teeth in the horse. Ph.D. Thesis. Edingburgh: The University of Edinburgh; 2018.
  7. Liuti T, Reardon R, Smith S, Dixon PM. An anatomical study of the dorsal and ventral nasal conchal bullae in normal horses: Computed tomographic anatomical and morphometric findings.. Equine Vet J 2016 Nov;48(6):749-755.
    pubmed: 26440763doi: 10.1111/evj.12516google scholar: lookup
  8. Brinkschulte M, Bienert-Zeit A, Lüpke M, Hellige M, Ohnesorge B, Staszyk C. The sinonasal communication in the horse: examinations using computerized three-dimensional reformatted renderings of computed-tomography datasets.. BMC Vet Res 2014 Mar 19;10:72.
    pmc: PMC3995307pubmed: 24646003doi: 10.1186/1746-6148-10-72google scholar: lookup
  9. Gergeleit H, Bienert-Zeit A, Seemann-Jensen A, Delarocque J, Ohnesorge B. Cytological Examination of Secretions From the Paranasal Sinuses in Horses.. J Equine Vet Sci 2019 Jul;78:60-68.
    pubmed: 31203986doi: 10.1016/j.jevs.2019.03.003google scholar: lookup
  10. Dixon PM, Parkin TD, Collins N, Hawkes C, Townsend NB, Fisher G, Ealey R, Barakzai SZ. Historical and clinical features of 200 cases of equine sinus disease.. Vet Rec 2011 Oct 22;169(17):439.
    pubmed: 21868434doi: 10.1136/vr.d4844google scholar: lookup
  11. Tremaine WH, Dixon PM. A long-term study of 277 cases of equine sinonasal disease. Part 1: details of horses, historical, clinical and ancillary diagnostic findings.. Equine Vet J 2001 May;33(3):274-82.
    pubmed: 11352350doi: 10.2746/042516401776249615google scholar: lookup
  12. Waguespack RW, Taintor J. Paranasal sinus disease in horses.. Compend Contin Educ Vet 2011 Feb;33(2):E2.
    pubmed: 21870345
  13. Easley JT, Freeman DE. New ways to diagnose and treat equine dental-related sinus disease.. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2013 Aug;29(2):467-85, vii.
    pubmed: 23915669doi: 10.1016/j.cveq.2013.04.003google scholar: lookup
  14. Dixon PM, Froydenlund T, Luiti T, Kane-Smyth J, Horbal A, Reardon RJ. Empyema of the nasal conchal bulla as a cause of chronic unilateral nasal discharge in the horse: 10 cases (2013-2014).. Equine Vet J 2015 Jul;47(4):445-9.
    pubmed: 25041424doi: 10.1111/evj.12322google scholar: lookup
  15. Beard W, Hardy J. Diagnosis of conditions of the paranasal sinuses in the horse. Equine Vet Educ 2001;13:265–273.
  16. Dixon PM, Parkin TD, Collins N, Hawkes C, Townsend N, Tremaine WH, Fisher G, Ealey R, Barakzai SZ. Equine paranasal sinus disease: a long-term study of 200 cases (1997-2009): ancillary diagnostic findings and involvement of the various sinus compartments.. Equine Vet J 2012 May;44(3):267-71.
    pubmed: 21812807doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2011.00420.xgoogle scholar: lookup
  17. Dixon PM, Head KW. Equine nasal and paranasal sinus tumours: part 2: a contribution of 28 case reports.. Vet J 1999 May;157(3):279-94.
    pubmed: 10328839doi: 10.1053/tvjl.1999.0371google scholar: lookup
  18. Tremaine WH, Clarke CJ, Dixon PM. Histopathological findings in equine sinonasal disorders.. Equine Vet J 1999 Jul;31(4):296-303.
    pubmed: 10454087doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1999.tb03820.xgoogle scholar: lookup
  19. Hilbert BJ, Little CB, Klein K, Thomas JB. Tumours of the paranasal sinuses in 16 horses.. Aust Vet J 1988 Mar;65(3):86-8.
    pubmed: 3401150doi: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.1988.tb07368.xgoogle scholar: lookup
  20. van Maanen C, Klein WR, Dik KJ, van den Ingh TS. Three cases of carcinoid in the equine nasal cavity and maxillary sinuses: histologic and immunohistochemical features.. Vet Pathol 1996 Jan;33(1):92-5.
    pubmed: 8826014doi: 10.1177/030098589603300114google scholar: lookup
  21. Barker W, Perkins J, Witte T. Three horses with bilateral sinonasal progressive haematomas not associated with the ethmoidal labyrinth. Equine Vet Educ 2013;25:503–507.
  22. Cehak A, von Borstel M, Gehlen H, Feige K, Ohnesorge B. Necrosis of the nasal conchae in 12 horses.. Vet Rec 2008 Sep 6;163(10):300-2.
    pubmed: 18776176doi: 10.1136/vr.163.10.300google scholar: lookup
  23. Kumar P, Timoney JF, Southgate HH, Sheoran AS. Light and scanning electron microscopic studies of the nasal turbinates of the horse.. Anat Histol Embryol 2000 Apr;29(2):103-9.
    pubmed: 10932387doi: 10.1046/j.1439-0264.2000.00244.xgoogle scholar: lookup
  24. Illig H. Über den histologischen Aufbau der Schleimhaut der Nebenhöhlen der Nase bei den Haussäugetieren. Dissertation. Stuttgart: Vereinige Medizinische Fakultät der Grossherzoglich Hessischen Ludwigs-Universität zu Giessen; 1910.
  25. Pirie M, Pirie HM, Wright NG. A scanning electron microscopic study of the equine upper respiratory tract.. Equine Vet J 1990 Sep;22(5):333-7.
    pubmed: 2226397doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1990.tb04285.xgoogle scholar: lookup
  26. Staszyk C. Anatomie. In: Lehrbuch der Zahnheilkunde beim Pferd. Vogt C, editor. Stuttgart: Schattauer GmbH; 2011. pp. 1–30.
  27. Bates D, Mächler M, Bolker B, Walker S. Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4. 2014.
    doi: arxiv:14065823google scholar: lookup
  28. Schwieder A. Untersuchung zur histologischen Beschaffenheit der Schleimhaut der Sinus paranasales des Pferdes unter Berücksichtigung von Topographie und Alter. Dissertation. Hannover: Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover; 2018.
  29. Eggesbø HB. Radiological imaging of inflammatory lesions in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses.. Eur Radiol 2006 Apr;16(4):872-88.
    pubmed: 16391905doi: 10.1007/s00330-005-0068-2google scholar: lookup
  30. O’Leary J, Dixon P. A review of equine paranasal sinusitis. Aetiopathogenesis, clinical signs and ancillary diagnostic techniques. Equine Vet Educ 2011;23:148–159.
  31. Guo X, Lam W-L. Acceleration of bone decalcification by ultrasound. In: Leung K-S, Qin Y-X, Cheung W-H, Qin L, editors. A practical manual for musculoskeletal research. London: World Scientific; 2008. pp. 201–208.
  32. Haeussler S, Luepke M, Seifert H, Staszyk C. Intra-pulp temperature increase of equine cheek teeth during treatment with motorized grinding systems: influence of grinding head position and rotational speed.. BMC Vet Res 2014 Feb 21;10:47.
    pmc: PMC3936934pubmed: 24559121doi: 10.1186/1746-6148-10-47google scholar: lookup
  33. Tatarniuk DM, Bell C, Carmalt JL. A description of the relationship between the nasomaxillary aperture and the paranasal sinus system of horses.. Vet J 2010 Nov;186(2):216-20.
    pubmed: 19716733doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2009.07.023google scholar: lookup
  34. Robinson EN, Furlow PW. Anatomy of the respiratory system. In: McGorum BC, Dixon PM, Robinson EN, Schumacher J, editors. Equine respiratory medicine and surgery. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2007. pp. 3–17.
  35. Probst A, Henninger W, Willmann M. Communications of normal nasal and paranasal cavities in computed tomography of horses.. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2005 Jan-Feb;46(1):44-8.
    pubmed: 15693558doi: 10.1111/j.1740-8261.2005.00008.xgoogle scholar: lookup
  36. Brinkschulte M, Bienert-Zeit A, Lüpke M, Hellige M, Staszyk C, Ohnesorge B. Using semi-automated segmentation of computed tomography datasets for three-dimensional visualization and volume measurements of equine paranasal sinuses.. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2013 Nov-Dec;54(6):582-90.
    pubmed: 23890087doi: 10.1111/vru.12080google scholar: lookup
  37. Dixon PM. Anatomie der Zähne. In: Baker GJ, Easley J, editors. Zahnheilkunde in der Pferdepraxis. Hannover: Schlütersche GmbH & Co. KG, Verlag und Druckerei; 2003. pp. 3–26.
  38. Kaminsky J, Bienert-Zeit A, Hellige M, Ohnesorge B. 3 tesla magnetic resonance imaging of the equine nasal cavities, paranasal sinuses and adjacent anatomical structures in 13 healthy horses. Pferdeheilkunde 2014;29:183–188.
  39. Renovanz H-D. Die respiratorische Schleimhaut. In: Nolte D, Renovanz H-D, Schumann K, editors. Nase und Respirationstrakt - Obere und untere Luftwege als funktionelle Einheit. München: Dustri-Verlag; 1982. pp. 42–46.
  40. Liebich H-G. Atmungsapparat. In: Liebich H-G, editor. Funktionelle Histologie der Haussäugetiere und Vögel. 5. Stuttgart: Schattauer GmbH; 2010. pp. 255–274.
  41. Holcombe SJ. Medical treatment of upper airway dysfunction. In: Robinson EN, editor. Current therapy in equine medicine. 5. St. Louis: Elsevier; 2003. pp. 398–400.
  42. Schipor I, Palmer JN, Cohen AS, Cohen NA. Quantification of ciliary beat frequency in sinonasal epithelial cells using differential interference contrast microscopy and high-speed digital video imaging.. Am J Rhinol 2006 Jan-Feb;20(1):124-7.
    pubmed: 16539308
  43. Ijaz F, Ikegami K. Live cell imaging of dynamic behaviors of motile cilia and primary cilium.. Microscopy (Oxf) 2019 Apr 1;68(2):99-110.
    pubmed: 30715429doi: 10.1093/jmicro/dfy147google scholar: lookup
  44. Reznik GK. Comparative anatomy, physiology, and function of the upper respiratory tract.. Environ Health Perspect 1990 Apr;85:171-6.
    pmc: PMC1568330pubmed: 2384061doi: 10.1289/ehp.85-1568330google scholar: lookup
  45. Michaels L, Hellquist HB. The normal nose and paranasal sinuses. In: Michaels L, Hellquist HB, editors. Ear, nose and throat histopathology. 2. Berlin: Springer Science & Business Media; 2012. pp. 131–136.
  46. Dyce KM, Sack WO, Wensing CJG. Der Atmungsapparat. In: Budras K-D, Goller H, Hofmann RR, Hummel G, Weyrauch KD, editors. Anatomie der Haustiere. Stuttgart: Ferdinand Enke Verlag; 1991. pp. 163–182.
  47. Rush B, Mair T. Diseases of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. In: Rush B, Mair T, editors. Equine respiratory diseases. Oxford: Blackwell Science Ltd; 2004. pp. 41–56.
  48. Reichel CA. [Recent developments in head and neck immunology : A basis for novel therapeutic strategies?].. HNO 2019 Apr;67(4):258-264.
    pubmed: 30874856doi: 10.1007/s00106-019-0639-1google scholar: lookup
  49. Ooi EH, Wormald PJ, Tan LW. Innate immunity in the paranasal sinuses: a review of nasal host defenses.. Am J Rhinol 2008 Jan-Feb;22(1):13-9.
    pubmed: 18284853doi: 10.2500/ajr.2008.22.3127google scholar: lookup
  50. Pronina OМ, Koptev MM, Vynnyk NI, Proskurnya SA, Filenko BM. Current view on the structure and function of the frontal sinus: literature review.. Wiad Lek 2018;71(6):1215-1218.
    pubmed: 30267502
  51. Mair TS, Batten EH, Stokes CR, Bourne FJ. The histological features of the immune system of the equine respiratory tract.. J Comp Pathol 1987 Sep;97(5):575-86.
    pubmed: 3680645doi: 10.1016/0021-9975(87)90008-9google scholar: lookup

Citations

This article has been cited 0 times.
Subscribe to our newsletter
Join 99,344 horse owners like you who receive our email updates on horse health and nutrition.