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Acta veterinaria Scandinavica2020; 62(1); 34; doi: 10.1186/s13028-020-00534-2

Comparative studies on the histological characteristics of equine nasomaxillary aperture and paranasal sinus mucosa considering topographic and age-related differences.

Abstract: Horses may acquire a range of paranasal sinus diseases. Clinical studies show slight differences regarding anatomical regions and age. Histopathological examination of tissue samples could play an important role in the diagnostic process. Therefore, detailed knowledge of the histological appearance of the paranasal sinus mucosa (PSM) and the nasomaxillary aperture mucosa (NAM) is essential. The objective of this study was to determine topographic and age-related differences within the healthy equine PSM. In addition, we aimed to gain detailed knowledge of the histological appearance of the NAM in comparison to the PSM. Results: The PSM had an average height of 75.72 ± 44.48 μm with a two-row pseudostratified columnar epithelium of 13.52 ± 4.78 μm. The parameters mucosal height, epithelial height and number of goblet cells revealed significant dependency of the sample site and age group. The maxillary and dorsal conchal sinus showed the highest values for these parameters. In terms of age, younger horses showed a significantly higher total mucosal height in contrast to a significantly lower epithelial height than older horses. Positive correlation was seen between the epithelial height and number of goblet cells. The NAM had an average height of 820.27 ± 653.21 μm. Its pseudostratified epithelium was usually arranged in three rows and had an average height of 44.9 ± 12.78 μm. The number of goblet cells in the NAM was five times higher than in the PSM. Serous glands were found in only 4% of the PSM samples and 100% of the NAM samples. Conclusions: There are significant histological differences between different paranasal sinus sites and between different groups of age. This may be related to an altered susceptibility for certain pathologies. The striking difference in the histological appearance of the NAM compared to the PSM could be due to an enhanced role in mucociliary clearance. Further studies are necessary to improve the understanding of mucosal function in specific paranasal sinus compartments and mucosal changes generated by different diseases.
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Publication Date: 2020-06-23 PubMed ID: 32576268PubMed Central: PMC7310435DOI: 10.1186/s13028-020-00534-2Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research seeks to understand differences in the histological characteristics of equine nasomaxillary aperture mucosa (NAM) and paranasal sinus mucosa (PSM), and how these vary with topography and age. The study found significant differences in these tissues according to their location and the age of the horse, possibly implying varying susceptibility to certain pathologies. The NAM’s markedly different histology may be attributed to its increased role in mucociliary clearance.

Research Objective

  • The research aimed to understand the histological structure of paranasal sinus mucosa (PSM) and nasomaxillary aperture mucosa (NAM) in healthy horses. The researchers sought to determine age-related and topographic variations within PSM. They also aspired to compare the histology of NAM with PSM.

Results Summary

  • The PSM had an average height of 75.72 ± 44.48 μm with a two-row pseudostratified columnar epithelium of 13.52 ± 4.78 μm. Meanwhile, NAM had an average height of 820.27 ± 653.21 μm with usually a three-row pseudostratified epithelium.
  • Parameters like mucosal height, epithelial height, and the number of epithelial goblet cells showed significant differences across sample sites and age groups.
  • The highest values of these parameters were recorded in the maxillary and dorsal conchal sinus. The total mucosal height was significantly higher in young horses, while their epithelial height was significantly less compared to older horses. There was a positive correlation between the epithelial height and the number of goblet cells.
  • The NAM had five times more goblet cells than the PSM, and serous glands were found in 100% of the NAM samples compared to just 4% in the PSM samples.

Conclusions and Implications

  • The research found significant histological differences in different paranasal sinus sites and between different age groups. These could potentially influence the susceptibility of horses to certain diseases.
  • The NAM, compared to the PSM, had a different microscopic appearance, potentially due to its increased role in mucociliary clearance, a process that helps keep the airways clear of microbes and dust.
  • Understanding these histological differences and age-dependent susceptibilities can greatly aid in the diagnosis and treatment of equine paranasal sinus diseases. Further research is required to better understand mucosal functions and disease-induced changes in specific paranasal sinus compartments.

Cite This Article

APA
Schwieder A, Pfarrer C, Ohnesorge B, Staszyk C, Bienert-Zeit A. (2020). Comparative studies on the histological characteristics of equine nasomaxillary aperture and paranasal sinus mucosa considering topographic and age-related differences. Acta Vet Scand, 62(1), 34. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13028-020-00534-2

Publication

Acta veterinaria Scandinavica
ISSN: 1751-0147
NlmUniqueID: 0370400
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 62
Issue: 1
Pages: 34
PII: 34

Researcher Affiliations

Schwieder, Alexander
  • Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 9, 30559, Hannover, Germany. alexander.schwieder@tiho-hannover.de.
Pfarrer, Christiane
  • Institute of Anatomy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173, Hannover, Germany.
Ohnesorge, Bernhard
  • Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 9, 30559, Hannover, Germany.
Staszyk, Carsten
  • Institute for Veterinary-Anatomy, -Histology and -Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of the Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Frankfurter Str. 98, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
Bienert-Zeit, Astrid
  • Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 9, 30559, Hannover, Germany.

MeSH Terms

  • Age Factors
  • Animals
  • Cadaver
  • Cross-Sectional Studies
  • Horses / anatomy & histology
  • Maxilla / anatomy & histology
  • Nasal Mucosa / anatomy & histology
  • Paranasal Sinuses / anatomy & histology
  • Skull / anatomy & histology

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

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