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Animals : an open access journal from MDPI2024; 14(19); 2892; doi: 10.3390/ani14192892

Comparison of Citrated Whole Blood to Native Whole Blood for Coagulation Testing Using the Viscoelastic Coagulation Monitor (VCM Vet™) in Horses.

Abstract: Viscoelastic monitoring of horse coagulation is increasing due to its advantages over traditional coagulation testing. The use of a point-of-care viscoelastic coagulation monitor (VCM Vet™) has been validated for use in horses using native whole blood (NWB) but has not been assessed using citrated whole blood (CWB), a technique that might have advantages in practicality and precision. Blood was collected from 70 horses, tested in duplicate immediately using NWB (T0), and stored at room temperature as CWB for testing in duplicate at 1 (T1) and 4 (T4) hours after venipuncture for comparison to NWB. Of these horses, 20 were classified as clinically healthy and used to determine reference intervals for CWB at 1 and 4 h post-collection. There were clinically relevant differences in all measured viscoelastic parameters of CWB compared to NWB meaning that they cannot be used interchangeably. These differences were not consistent at T1 and T4 meaning the resting time of CWB influences the results and should be kept consistent. The use of CWB in this study also resulted in more machine errors when compared to NWB resulting in measurements that might not be interpretable.
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Publication Date: 2024-10-08 PubMed ID: 39409841PubMed Central: PMC11476484DOI: 10.3390/ani14192892Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The study investigated how citrated whole blood (CWB) measures up against native whole blood (NWB) for coagulation testing in horses using a specific monitoring tool. The study found out that there are significant differences in measured coagulation parameters between CWB and NWB, thus indicating that they cannot be used interchangeably.

Research Methodology

  • The research was conducted using blood samples taken from 70 horses.
  • These samples were tested immediately using NWB to provide the baseline measurements (T0).
  • The samples were then preserved using citrate at room temperature and tested again after 1 hour (T1) and 4 hours (T4).
  • Out of these horses, 20 were identified as clinically healthy. Their blood samples were used to establish reference intervals for coagulation parameters in CWB at T1 and T4.

Findings

  • There were significant differences in all measured parameters of CWB when compared to NWB. This led to the conclusion that NWB and CWB cannot be used interchangeably for coagulation monitoring in horses.
  • The variations in measurements weren’t consistent at T1 and T4. These findings imply that the resting duration of CWB can influence the final results and therefore, needs to be kept consistent.
  • CWB usage led to more machine errors as compared to NWB, which brings into question the reliability and interpretability of measurements taken from CWB samples.

Implications

  • The finding that CWB and NWB cannot be used interchangeably for monitoring coagulation in horses has vital implications for veterinary clinical practice. CWB may not be a reliable substitute for NWB in coagulation testing, particularly if precise measurements are needed.
  • The observation that the resting time of CWB impacts the measurement results implies that it would be crucial to control this variable to ensure consistent and reliable results.
  • The higher incidence of machine errors with CWB raises concerns about the practicality and reliability of this method in veterinary settings. More equipment calibrations or improvements might be needed before implementing CWB for coagulation monitoring in horses.

Cite This Article

APA
Vokes JR, Lovett AL, de Kantzow MC, Rogers CW, Wilkins PA, Sykes BW. (2024). Comparison of Citrated Whole Blood to Native Whole Blood for Coagulation Testing Using the Viscoelastic Coagulation Monitor (VCM Vet™) in Horses. Animals (Basel), 14(19), 2892. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14192892

Publication

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
ISSN: 2076-2615
NlmUniqueID: 101635614
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 14
Issue: 19
PII: 2892

Researcher Affiliations

Vokes, Jessica R
  • School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand.
Lovett, Amy L
  • School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand.
de Kantzow, Max C
  • Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Canberra 2601, Australia.
Rogers, Chris W
  • School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand.
Wilkins, Pamela A
  • Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, USA.
Sykes, Benjamin W
  • School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand.

Grant Funding

  • 1 / CSRD VA

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest relevant to this study. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results.

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