Comparison of cross-sectional anatomy and computed tomography of the tarsus in horses.

The research article primarily investigates the efficacy of using computed tomography (CT) in imaging the tarsus (a part of the hind limb) of horses, specifically comparing these images with traditional anatomic slices. In addition, the potential of CT imaging to detect pathological changes in the tarsus was also evaluated.

Methods Used in the Study

• CT imaging was performed on six anatomically normal horse cadaveric hind limbs and four tarsi (ankles of horses) with pathological changes.
• Three tarsi underwent precontrast CT, with sagittal and dorsal reconstructions created.
• All limbs had a postcontrast CT which involved the injection of a contrast medium in the joints. The images were then matched with corresponding anatomical slices.
• The four tarsi displaying pathological changes also underwent CT examination.

Results of the Study

• The CT imaging was able to clearly visualize various bones in the tarsus including the tibia, talus, calcaneus, and central, fused first and second, third, and fourth tarsal bones.
• CT imaging was also successful in identifying several tendons and ligaments. However, some of these were not always clearly distinguished.
• Additionally, some smaller tarsal ligaments were identifiable, including various types of plantar, medial, interosseus, and lateral talocalcaneal ligaments.
• Postcontrast images allowed parts of the articular cartilage to be assessed.
• Pathological lesions were apparent in the four tarsi that had pathological alterations.

Conclusion

CT imaging was found to be useful in visualizing the tarsus of horses, especially when traditional radiography and ultrasonography methods proved inconclusive. It was also helpful for preoperative planning for the treatment of complicated fractures. The data and images from this study can serve as a CT reference for future studies. The use of CT for identifying pathological changes was also found to be effective.