Comparison of cytokine mRNA expression in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of horses with inflammatory airway disease and bronchoalveolar lavage mastocytosis or neutrophilia using REST software analysis.
Abstract: The pathophysiology of inflammatory airway disease (IAD) is unknown, but in some cases involves the accumulation of mast cells, neutrophils, or both in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). The objective of this study was to characterize cytokine gene expression in the BALF cells of horses with IAD, including a comparison of cytokine gene expression between IAD horses with increased BALF mast cells (IAD-Mast) or neutrophils (IAD-Neutro). Methods: The mRNA expression of IL-4, IFN-γ, IL-17, IL-8, IL-1β, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p35, and eotaxin-2 was studied by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (QPCR) with efficiency correction in BALF samples of 17 horses with IAD (IAD-total), also subcategorized as 8 IAD-Mast and 9 IAD-Neutro, and 10 controls. Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) was used as a reference gene. Relative expression software tool (REST) analysis provided ratios of expression, statistical analysis, and confidence intervals for the results. Results: Compared with the control group, IL-5, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 mRNA expression was upregulated 3.5-, 3.4-, 2.8-, 2.2-, and 1.9-fold, respectively, in the IAD-total group. The IAD-Neutro group showed increased expression of IL-17, IL-8, and IL-5 (4.7-, 2.5-, and 2.9-fold, respectively) and a decreased expression of IL-4 (3.4-fold) compared with the IAD-Mast group. Conclusions: Cytokines from the Th2 family plays a key role in IAD and a different pathophysiology may be involved in mast cell versus neutrophil BALF accumulation in IAD horses.
Copyright © 2011 by the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine.
Publication Date: 2011-12-14 PubMed ID: 22168153DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2011.00847.xGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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- Comparative Study
- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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This research article investigates the genetic expression of cytokines—a type of protein involved in cell signaling—in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of horses suffering from inflammatory airway disease (IAD). The main focus of the study is to compare the cytokine expressions in IAD horses showing an increased number of mast cells or neutrophils in their BALF.
Research Objective
- Due to the unclear pathogenesis of IAD, this study aims to understand the illness by looking at cytokine gene expression in the BALF cells of horses affected by IAD. Particularly, researchers compared cytokine gene expressions between horses exhibiting increased BALF mast cells (IAD-Mast) and those having increased BALF neutrophils (IAD-Neutro).
Methods
- The research involved studying mRNA expression of several cytokines (IL-4, IFN-γ, IL-17, IL-8, IL-1β, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p35, and eotaxin-2) via quantitative polymerase chain reaction (QPCR), with efficiency correction done in BALF samples of 17 horses with IAD.
- These horses were also categorised into two groups, consisting of 8 IAD-Mast and 9 IAD-Neutro subjects.
- 10 normal horses served as controls. Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) was used as a reference gene.
- Relative expression software tool (REST) was used in the analysis, providing ratios of expression, statistical analysis, and confidence intervals on the results.
Results
- When compared to the control group, expressions of IL-5, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 mRNA were upregulated 3.5-, 3.4-, 2.8-, 2.2-, and 1.9-fold, respectively, in horses with IAD.
- In IAD-Neutro horses, researchers observed increased expression of IL-17, IL-8, and IL-5 up to 4.7-, 2.5-, and 2.9-fold, respectively, and decreased expression of IL-4 by 3.4-fold when compared with the IAD-Mast group.
Conclusions
- Findings from the research suggest that Th2 family cytokines serve a crucial function in IAD.
- Differring pathophysiology may be implicated in the accumulation of mast cells versus neutrophils in BALF within the horses battling IAD.
Cite This Article
APA
Beekman L, Tohver T, Léguillette R.
(2011).
Comparison of cytokine mRNA expression in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of horses with inflammatory airway disease and bronchoalveolar lavage mastocytosis or neutrophilia using REST software analysis.
J Vet Intern Med, 26(1), 153-161.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.2011.00847.x Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / cytology
- Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / immunology
- Chemokine CCL11 / biosynthesis
- Chemokine CCL11 / genetics
- Chemokine CCL11 / immunology
- Cytokines / biosynthesis
- Cytokines / genetics
- Cytokines / immunology
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Horse Diseases / genetics
- Horse Diseases / immunology
- Horses
- Interleukins / biosynthesis
- Interleukins / genetics
- Interleukins / immunology
- Male
- Mast Cells / immunology
- Mastocytosis / genetics
- Mastocytosis / immunology
- Mastocytosis / veterinary
- Neutrophils / immunology
- RNA, Messenger / biosynthesis
- RNA, Messenger / chemistry
- RNA, Messenger / genetics
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction / veterinary
- Respiratory Tract Diseases / genetics
- Respiratory Tract Diseases / immunology
- Respiratory Tract Diseases / veterinary
- Statistics, Nonparametric
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