FREE SHIPPING over $40
OVER 9000 FIVE-STAR REVIEWS
5% OFF ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS
100% HAPPINESS GUARANTEE
Analyze Diet
0
Home / Equine Research Bank / Vet Res Commun / Comparison of equine bone marrow-, umbilical cord matrix and...
Veterinary research communications2010; 35(2); 103-121; doi: 10.1007/s11259-010-9457-3

Comparison of equine bone marrow-, umbilical cord matrix and amniotic fluid-derived progenitor cells.

Abstract: The aim of the study was to compare in vitro the stemness features of horse progenitor cells derived from bone marrow (BM-MSCs), amniotic fluid (AF-MSCs) and umbilical cord matrix (EUC-MSCs). It has been suggested that there may be a stem cell population within both umbilical cord matrix and amniotic fluid. However, little knowledge exists about the characteristics of these progenitor cells within these sources in the equine species. This study wanted to investigate an alternative and non-invasive stem cell source for the equine tissue engineering and to learn more about the properties of these cells for future cell banking. Bone marrow, umbilical cord and amniotic fluid samples were harvested from different horses. Cells were analyzed for proliferation, immunocytochemical, stem cell gene expression and multilineage plasticity. BM- and AF-MSCs took similar time to reach confluence and showed comparable plating efficiency. All cell lines expressed identical stem cell markers and capability to differentiate towards osteogenic lineage. Almost all cell lines differentiated into the adipogenic lineage as demonstrated by cytochemical staining, even if no adipose gene expression was detectable for AF-MSCs. AF- and EUC-MSCs showed a limited chondrogenic differentiation compared with BM-MSCs as demonstrated by histological and biochemical analyses. These findings suggest that AF-MSCs appeared to be a readily obtainable and highly proliferative cell line from an uninvasive source that may represent a good model system for stem cell biology. More studies are needed to investigate their multilineage potential. EUC-MSCs need to be further investigated regarding their particular behavior in vitro represented by spheroid formation.
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 2010-12-31 PubMed ID: 21193959DOI: 10.1007/s11259-010-9457-3Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedInCopy
  • Comparative Study
  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research study focuses on comparing horse progenitor cells (cells that have the capacity to self-renew and produce other types of cells) obtained from three different sources – bone marrow, amniotic fluid, and umbilical cord matrix. It explores potential alternatives for non-invasive stem cell sources for equine tissue engineering and investigates the properties of these cells for potential future cell banking.

Research Methodology

  • The research involved harvesting bone marrow, amniotic fluid, and umbilical cord matrix samples from different horses.
  • These cells were then observed for their proliferation rate, their immunological characteristics, the presence of specific stem cell genes, and their ability to differentiate into multiple cell types (multilineage plasticity).
  • The researchers specifically examined if these cells could differentiate into osteogenic (bone-forming) and adipogenic (fat-forming) cell types.

Key Findings

  • Progenitor cells derived from both bone marrow and amniotic fluid had similar growth rates and plating efficiency (the ability to adhere and spread on a surface).
  • All cell lines exhibited identical markers for stem cells – this includes the ability to renew themselves and differentiate into multiple cell types.
  • All cell lines demonstrated the capacity to develop into osteogenic lineage.
  • Almost all cell lines showed the ability to differentiate into adipogenic lineage, although this ability was not apparent in the amniotic fluid-derived progenitor cells based on gene expression analysis.
  • The chondrogenic (cartilage-forming) differentiation ability was relatively limited in the progenitor cells derived from amniotic fluid and umbilical cord matrix when compared to those from bone marrow. This was concluded from histological (microscopic anatomy) and biochemical analyses.

Conclusions and Implications

  • The study showed that amniotic fluid-derived progenitor cells could potentially be a promising non-invasive source of stem cells for horses, due to their high proliferation rate.
  • However, further investigations are needed to understand the potential of these cells to differentiate into multiple cell types.
  • Progenitor cells derived from the umbilical cord matrix required additional study, particularly on their tendency to form clusters or spheroids in vitro (in a laboratory setting).
  • The findings of this study could enhance our understanding of stem cell biology and guide the strategic collection and storage of equine cells for future therapeutic applications and tissue engineering.

Cite This Article

APA
Lovati AB, Corradetti B, Lange Consiglio A, Recordati C, Bonacina E, Bizzaro D, Cremonesi F. (2010). Comparison of equine bone marrow-, umbilical cord matrix and amniotic fluid-derived progenitor cells. Vet Res Commun, 35(2), 103-121. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11259-010-9457-3

Publication

Veterinary research communications
ISSN: 1573-7446
NlmUniqueID: 8100520
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 35
Issue: 2
Pages: 103-121

Researcher Affiliations

Lovati, Arianna Barbara
  • Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, Equine Reproduction Unit, Università degli Studi di Milano, Strada dell'Università 6, Località Polledra, 26900 Lodi, Italy. arianna.lovati@unimi.it
Corradetti, Bruna
    Lange Consiglio, Anna
      Recordati, Camilla
        Bonacina, Elisa
          Bizzaro, Davide
            Cremonesi, Fausto

              MeSH Terms

              • Adipogenesis / physiology
              • Amniotic Fluid / cytology
              • Amniotic Fluid / physiology
              • Animals
              • Animals, Newborn
              • Bone Marrow Cells / cytology
              • Bone Marrow Cells / physiology
              • Cell Differentiation / physiology
              • Cell Growth Processes / physiology
              • Female
              • Horses / physiology
              • Immunohistochemistry / veterinary
              • Mesenchymal Stem Cells / cytology
              • Mesenchymal Stem Cells / physiology
              • Osteogenesis / physiology
              • Pregnancy
              • RNA / chemistry
              • RNA / genetics
              • Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / veterinary
              • Umbilical Cord / cytology
              • Umbilical Cord / physiology

              References

              This article includes 49 references
              1. Nanaev AK, Kohnen G, Milovanov AP, Domogatsky SP, Kaufmann P. Stromal differentiation and architecture of the human umbilical cord.. Placenta 1997 Jan;18(1):53-64.
                pubmed: 9032810doi: 10.1016/s0143-4004(97)90071-0google scholar: lookup
              2. Secco M, Zucconi E, Vieira NM, Fogaça LL, Cerqueira A, Carvalho MD, Jazedje T, Okamoto OK, Muotri AR, Zatz M. Multipotent stem cells from umbilical cord: cord is richer than blood!. Stem Cells 2008 Jan;26(1):146-50.
                pubmed: 17932423doi: 10.1634/stemcells.2007-0381google scholar: lookup
              3. Bartholomew S, Owens SD, Ferraro GL, Carrade DD, Lara DJ, Librach FA, Borjesson DL, Galuppo LD. Collection of equine cord blood and placental tissues in 40 thoroughbred mares.. Equine Vet J 2009 Nov;41(8):724-8.
                pubmed: 20095217doi: 10.2746/042516409x429446google scholar: lookup
              4. Smith RK, Korda M, Blunn GW, Goodship AE. Isolation and implantation of autologous equine mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow into the superficial digital flexor tendon as a potential novel treatment.. Equine Vet J 2003 Jan;35(1):99-102.
                pubmed: 12553472doi: 10.2746/042516403775467388google scholar: lookup
              5. In 't Anker PS, Scherjon SA, Kleijburg-van der Keur C, Noort WA, Claas FH, Willemze R, Fibbe WE, Kanhai HH. Amniotic fluid as a novel source of mesenchymal stem cells for therapeutic transplantation.. Blood 2003 Aug 15;102(4):1548-9.
                pubmed: 12900350doi: 10.1182/blood-2003-04-1291google scholar: lookup
              6. Gucciardo L, Lories R, Ochsenbein-Kölble N, Done' E, Zwijsen A, Deprest J. Fetal mesenchymal stem cells: isolation, properties and potential use in perinatology and regenerative medicine.. BJOG 2009 Jan;116(2):166-72.
                pubmed: 19076948doi: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2008.02005.xgoogle scholar: lookup
              7. Carlin R, Davis D, Weiss M, Schultz B, Troyer D. Expression of early transcription factors Oct-4, Sox-2 and Nanog by porcine umbilical cord (PUC) matrix cells.. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2006 Feb 6;4:8.
                pubmed: 16460563doi: 10.1186/1477-7827-4-8google scholar: lookup
              8. Cho PS, Messina DJ, Hirsh EL, Chi N, Goldman SN, Lo DP, Harris IR, Popma SH, Sachs DH, Huang CA. Immunogenicity of umbilical cord tissue derived cells.. Blood 2008 Jan 1;111(1):430-8.
                pubmed: 17909081doi: 10.1182/blood-2007-03-078774google scholar: lookup
              9. Zangrossi S, Marabese M, Broggini M, Giordano R, D'Erasmo M, Montelatici E, Intini D, Neri A, Pesce M, Rebulla P, Lazzari L. Oct-4 expression in adult human differentiated cells challenges its role as a pure stem cell marker.. Stem Cells 2007 Jul;25(7):1675-80.
                pubmed: 17379765doi: 10.1634/stemcells.2006-0611google scholar: lookup
              10. You Q, Cai L, Zheng J, Tong X, Zhang D, Zhang Y. Isolation of human mesenchymal stem cells from third-trimester amniotic fluid.. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2008 Nov;103(2):149-52.
                pubmed: 18760782doi: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2008.06.012google scholar: lookup
              11. Pochampally RR, Smith JR, Ylostalo J, Prockop DJ. Serum deprivation of human marrow stromal cells (hMSCs) selects for a subpopulation of early progenitor cells with enhanced expression of OCT-4 and other embryonic genes.. Blood 2004 Mar 1;103(5):1647-52.
                pubmed: 14630823doi: 10.1182/blood-2003-06-1967google scholar: lookup
              12. Battula VL, Bareiss PM, Treml S, Conrad S, Albert I, Hojak S, Abele H, Schewe B, Just L, Skutella T, Bühring HJ. Human placenta and bone marrow derived MSC cultured in serum-free, b-FGF-containing medium express cell surface frizzled-9 and SSEA-4 and give rise to multilineage differentiation.. Differentiation 2007 Apr;75(4):279-91.
                pubmed: 17288545doi: 10.1111/j.1432-0436.2006.00139.xgoogle scholar: lookup
              13. Passeri S, Nocchi F, Lamanna R, Lapi S, Miragliotta V, Giannessi E, Abramo F, Stornelli MR, Matarazzo M, Plenteda D, Urciuoli P, Scatena F, Coli A. Isolation and expansion of equine umbilical cord-derived matrix cells (EUCMCs).. Cell Biol Int 2009 Jan;33(1):100-5.
                pubmed: 18996215doi: 10.1016/j.cellbi.2008.10.012google scholar: lookup
              14. Kaviani A, Perry TE, Dzakovic A, Jennings RW, Ziegler MM, Fauza DO. The amniotic fluid as a source of cells for fetal tissue engineering.. J Pediatr Surg 2001 Nov;36(11):1662-5.
                pubmed: 11685697doi: 10.1053/jpsu.2001.27945google scholar: lookup
              15. Prusa AR, Hengstschlager M. Amniotic fluid cells and human stem cell research: a new connection.. Med Sci Monit 2002 Nov;8(11):RA253-7.
                pubmed: 12444390
              16. Armesilla-Diaz A, Elvira G, Silva A. p53 regulates the proliferation, differentiation and spontaneous transformation of mesenchymal stem cells.. Exp Cell Res 2009 Dec 10;315(20):3598-610.
                pubmed: 19686735doi: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2009.08.004google scholar: lookup
              17. Koch TG, Heerkens T, Thomsen PD, Betts DH. Isolation of mesenchymal stem cells from equine umbilical cord blood.. BMC Biotechnol 2007 May 30;7:26.
                pubmed: 17537254doi: 10.1186/1472-6750-7-26google scholar: lookup
              18. Fortier LA, Smith RK. Regenerative medicine for tendinous and ligamentous injuries of sport horses.. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2008 Apr;24(1):191-201.
                pubmed: 18314043doi: 10.1016/j.cveq.2007.11.002google scholar: lookup
              19. Da Sacco S, Sedrakyan S, Boldrin F, Giuliani S, Parnigotto P, Habibian R, Warburton D, De Filippo RE, Perin L. Human amniotic fluid as a potential new source of organ specific precursor cells for future regenerative medicine applications.. J Urol 2010 Mar;183(3):1193-200.
                pubmed: 20096867doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2009.11.006google scholar: lookup
              20. Reed SA, Johnson SE. Equine umbilical cord blood contains a population of stem cells that express Oct4 and differentiate into mesodermal and endodermal cell types.. J Cell Physiol 2008 May;215(2):329-36.
                pubmed: 17929245doi: 10.1002/jcp.21312google scholar: lookup
              21. Hoynowski SM, Fry MM, Gardner BM, Leming MT, Tucker JR, Black L, Sand T, Mitchell KE. Characterization and differentiation of equine umbilical cord-derived matrix cells.. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007 Oct 19;362(2):347-53.
                pubmed: 17719011doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.07.182google scholar: lookup
              22. Jomura S, Uy M, Mitchell K, Dallasen R, Bode CJ, Xu Y. Potential treatment of cerebral global ischemia with Oct-4+ umbilical cord matrix cells.. Stem Cells 2007 Jan;25(1):98-106.
                pubmed: 16960128doi: 10.1634/stemcells.2006-0055google scholar: lookup
              23. Barbero A, Ploegert S, Heberer M, Martin I. Plasticity of clonal populations of dedifferentiated adult human articular chondrocytes.. Arthritis Rheum 2003 May;48(5):1315-25.
                pubmed: 12746904doi: 10.1002/art.10950google scholar: lookup
              24. Weiss ML, Anderson C, Medicetty S, Seshareddy KB, Weiss RJ, VanderWerff I, Troyer D, McIntosh KR. Immune properties of human umbilical cord Wharton's jelly-derived cells.. Stem Cells 2008 Nov;26(11):2865-74.
                pubmed: 18703664doi: 10.1634/stemcells.2007-1028google scholar: lookup
              25. Wang M, Yoshida A, Kawashima H, Ishizaki M, Takahashi H, Hori J. Immunogenicity and antigenicity of allogeneic amniotic epithelial transplants grafted to the cornea, conjunctiva, and anterior chamber.. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2006 Apr;47(4):1522-32.
                pubmed: 16565388doi: 10.1167/iovs.05-0787google scholar: lookup
              26. Wilke MM, Nydam DV, Nixon AJ. Enhanced early chondrogenesis in articular defects following arthroscopic mesenchymal stem cell implantation in an equine model.. J Orthop Res 2007 Jul;25(7):913-25.
                pubmed: 17405160doi: 10.1002/jor.20382google scholar: lookup
              27. Hipp J, Atala A. Sources of stem cells for regenerative medicine.. Stem Cell Rev 2008 Spring;4(1):3-11.
                pubmed: 18286392doi: 10.1007/s12015-008-9010-8google scholar: lookup
              28. Pacini S, Spinabella S, Trombi L, Fazzi R, Galimberti S, Dini F, Carlucci F, Petrini M. Suspension of bone marrow-derived undifferentiated mesenchymal stromal cells for repair of superficial digital flexor tendon in race horses.. Tissue Eng 2007 Dec;13(12):2949-55.
                pubmed: 17919069doi: 10.1089/ten.2007.0108google scholar: lookup
              29. Delo DM, De Coppi P, Bartsch G Jr, Atala A. Amniotic fluid and placental stem cells.. Methods Enzymol 2006;419:426-38.
                pubmed: 17141065doi: 10.1016/S0076-6879(06)19017-5google scholar: lookup
              30. Guest DJ, Smith MR, Allen WR. Monitoring the fate of autologous and allogeneic mesenchymal progenitor cells injected into the superficial digital flexor tendon of horses: preliminary study.. Equine Vet J 2008 Mar;40(2):178-81.
                pubmed: 18267891doi: 10.2746/042516408X276942google scholar: lookup
              31. Mueller SM, Glowacki J. Age-related decline in the osteogenic potential of human bone marrow cells cultured in three-dimensional collagen sponges.. J Cell Biochem 2001;82(4):583-90.
                pubmed: 11500936doi: 10.1002/jcb.1174google scholar: lookup
              32. Pittenger MF, Mackay AM, Beck SC, Jaiswal RK, Douglas R, Mosca JD, Moorman MA, Simonetti DW, Craig S, Marshak DR. Multilineage potential of adult human mesenchymal stem cells.. Science 1999 Apr 2;284(5411):143-7.
                pubmed: 10102814doi: 10.1126/science.284.5411.143google scholar: lookup
              33. De Coppi P, Bartsch G Jr, Siddiqui MM, Xu T, Santos CC, Perin L, Mostoslavsky G, Serre AC, Snyder EY, Yoo JJ, Furth ME, Soker S, Atala A. Isolation of amniotic stem cell lines with potential for therapy.. Nat Biotechnol 2007 Jan;25(1):100-6.
                pubmed: 17206138doi: 10.1038/nbt1274google scholar: lookup
              34. Miki T, Strom SC. Amnion-derived pluripotent/multipotent stem cells.. Stem Cell Rev 2006;2(2):133-42.
                pubmed: 17237552doi: 10.1007/s12015-006-0020-0google scholar: lookup
              35. de la Fuente R, Abad JL, García-Castro J, Fernández-Miguel G, Petriz J, Rubio D, Vicario-Abejón C, Guillén P, González MA, Bernad A. Dedifferentiated adult articular chondrocytes: a population of human multipotent primitive cells.. Exp Cell Res 2004 Jul 15;297(2):313-28.
                pubmed: 15212937doi: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2004.02.026google scholar: lookup
              36. Parolini O, Alviano F, Bagnara GP, Bilic G, Bühring HJ, Evangelista M, Hennerbichler S, Liu B, Magatti M, Mao N, Miki T, Marongiu F, Nakajima H, Nikaido T, Portmann-Lanz CB, Sankar V, Soncini M, Stadler G, Surbek D, Takahashi TA, Redl H, Sakuragawa N, Wolbank S, Zeisberger S, Zisch A, Strom SC. Concise review: isolation and characterization of cells from human term placenta: outcome of the first international Workshop on Placenta Derived Stem Cells.. Stem Cells 2008 Feb;26(2):300-11.
                pubmed: 17975221doi: 10.1634/stemcells.2007-0594google scholar: lookup
              37. Park SB, Seo MS, Kang JG, Chae JS, Kang KS. Isolation and characterization of equine amniotic fluid-derived multipotent stem cells.. Cytotherapy 2011 Mar;13(3):341-9.
                pubmed: 20860427doi: 10.3109/14653249.2010.520312google scholar: lookup
              38. Marcus AJ, Woodbury D. Fetal stem cells from extra-embryonic tissues: do not discard.. J Cell Mol Med 2008 Jun;12(3):730-42.
                pubmed: 18194447doi: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2008.00221.xgoogle scholar: lookup
              39. Kolf CM, Cho E, Tuan RS. Mesenchymal stromal cells. Biology of adult mesenchymal stem cells: regulation of niche, self-renewal and differentiation.. Arthritis Res Ther 2007;9(1):204.
                pubmed: 17316462doi: 10.1186/ar2116google scholar: lookup
              40. Pan GJ, Chang ZY, Schöler HR, Pei D. Stem cell pluripotency and transcription factor Oct4.. Cell Res 2002 Dec;12(5-6):321-9.
                pubmed: 12528890doi: 10.1038/sj.cr.7290134google scholar: lookup
              41. Sacchetti B, Funari A, Michienzi S, Di Cesare S, Piersanti S, Saggio I, Tagliafico E, Ferrari S, Robey PG, Riminucci M, Bianco P. Self-renewing osteoprogenitors in bone marrow sinusoids can organize a hematopoietic microenvironment.. Cell 2007 Oct 19;131(2):324-36.
                pubmed: 17956733doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2007.08.025google scholar: lookup
              42. Petsa A, Gargani S, Felesakis A, Grigoriadis N, Grigoriadis I. Effectiveness of protocol for the isolation of Wharton's Jelly stem cells in large-scale applications.. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2009 Dec;45(10):573-6.
                pubmed: 19609625doi: 10.1007/s11626-009-9227-0google scholar: lookup
              43. Ishige I, Nagamura-Inoue T, Honda MJ, Harnprasopwat R, Kido M, Sugimoto M, Nakauchi H, Tojo A. Comparison of mesenchymal stem cells derived from arterial, venous, and Wharton's jelly explants of human umbilical cord.. Int J Hematol 2009 Sep;90(2):261-269.
                pubmed: 19657615doi: 10.1007/s12185-009-0377-3google scholar: lookup
              44. Sarugaser R, Ennis J, Stanford WL, Davies JE. Isolation, propagation, and characterization of human umbilical cord perivascular cells (HUCPVCs).. Methods Mol Biol 2009;482:269-79.
                pubmed: 19089362doi: 10.1007/978-1-59745-060-7_17google scholar: lookup
              45. Cremonesi F, Violini S, Lange Consiglio A, Ramelli P, Ranzenigo G, Mariani P. Isolation, in vitro culture and characterization of foal umbilical cord stem cells at birth.. Vet Res Commun 2008 Sep;32 Suppl 1:S139-42.
                pubmed: 18688745doi: 10.1007/s11259-008-9116-0google scholar: lookup
              46. Sessarego N, Parodi A, Podestà M, Benvenuto F, Mogni M, Raviolo V, Lituania M, Kunkl A, Ferlazzo G, Bricarelli FD, Uccelli A, Frassoni F. Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells from amniotic fluid: solid perspectives for clinical application.. Haematologica 2008 Mar;93(3):339-46.
                pubmed: 18268281doi: 10.3324/haematol.11869google scholar: lookup
              47. Fehrer C, Lepperdinger G. Mesenchymal stem cell aging.. Exp Gerontol 2005 Dec;40(12):926-30.
                pubmed: 16125890doi: 10.1016/j.exger.2005.07.006google scholar: lookup
              48. Troyer DL, Weiss ML. Wharton's jelly-derived cells are a primitive stromal cell population.. Stem Cells 2008 Mar;26(3):591-9.
                pubmed: 18065397doi: 10.1634/stemcells.2007-0439google scholar: lookup
              49. Chang YJ, Shih DT, Tseng CP, Hsieh TB, Lee DC, Hwang SM. Disparate mesenchyme-lineage tendencies in mesenchymal stem cells from human bone marrow and umbilical cord blood.. Stem Cells 2006 Mar;24(3):679-85.
                pubmed: 16179428doi: 10.1634/stemcells.2004-0308google scholar: lookup

              Citations

              This article has been cited 23 times.
              1. Ribitsch I, Oreff GL, Jenner F. Regenerative Medicine for Equine Musculoskeletal Diseases.. Animals (Basel) 2021 Jan 19;11(1).
                doi: 10.3390/ani11010234pubmed: 33477808google scholar: lookup
              2. Weatherall EL, Avilkina V, Cortes-Araya Y, Dan-Jumbo S, Stenhouse C, Donadeu FX, Esteves CL. Differentiation Potential of Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells Is Altered by Intrauterine Growth Restriction.. Front Vet Sci 2020;7:558905.
                doi: 10.3389/fvets.2020.558905pubmed: 33251256google scholar: lookup
              3. Rakic R, Bourdon B, Demoor M, Maddens S, Saulnier N, Galéra P. Differences in the intrinsic chondrogenic potential of equine umbilical cord matrix and cord blood mesenchymal stromal/stem cells for cartilage regeneration.. Sci Rep 2018 Sep 14;8(1):13799.
                doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-28164-9pubmed: 30217993google scholar: lookup
              4. Zuliani CC, Bombini MF, Andrade KC, Mamoni R, Pereira AH, Coimbra IB. Micromass cultures are effective for differentiation of human amniotic fluid stem cells into chondrocytes.. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2018;73:e268.
                doi: 10.6061/clinics/2018/e268pubmed: 29641802google scholar: lookup
              5. Barboni B, Russo V, Berardinelli P, Mauro A, Valbonetti L, Sanyal H, Canciello A, Greco L, Muttini A, Gatta V, Stuppia L, Mattioli M. Placental Stem Cells from Domestic Animals: Translational Potential and Clinical Relevance.. Cell Transplant 2018 Jan;27(1):93-116.
                doi: 10.1177/0963689717724797pubmed: 29562773google scholar: lookup
              6. Rink BE, Amilon KR, Esteves CL, French HM, Watson E, Aurich C, Donadeu FX. Isolation and characterization of equine endometrial mesenchymal stromal cells.. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017 Jul 12;8(1):166.
                doi: 10.1186/s13287-017-0616-0pubmed: 28701175google scholar: lookup
              7. Zahedi M, Parham A, Dehghani H, Mehrjerdi HK. Stemness Signature of Equine Marrow-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells.. Int J Stem Cells 2017 May 30;10(1):93-102.
                doi: 10.15283/ijsc16036pubmed: 28222255google scholar: lookup
              8. Dias MC, Landim-Alvarenga FD, de Moraes CN, da Costa LD, Geraldini CM, de Vasconcelos Machado VM, Maia L. Intramuscular Transplantation of Allogeneic Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Derived from Equine Umbilical Cord.. Int J Stem Cells 2016 Nov 30;9(2):239-249.
                doi: 10.15283/ijsc16011pubmed: 27572709google scholar: lookup
              9. Kim HR, Lee J, Byeon JS, Gu NY, Lee J, Cho IS, Cha SH. Extensive characterization of feline intra-abdominal adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells.. J Vet Sci 2017 Sep 30;18(3):299-306.
                doi: 10.4142/jvs.2017.18.3.299pubmed: 27456770google scholar: lookup
              10. Fülber J, Maria DA, da Silva LC, Massoco CO, Agreste F, Baccarin RY. Comparative study of equine mesenchymal stem cells from healthy and injured synovial tissues: an in vitro assessment.. Stem Cell Res Ther 2016 Mar 5;7:35.
                doi: 10.1186/s13287-016-0294-3pubmed: 26944403google scholar: lookup
              11. Tian Y, Tao L, Zhao S, Tai D, Liu D, Liu P. Isolation and morphological characterization of ovine amniotic fluid mesenchymal stem cells.. Exp Anim 2016 May 20;65(2):125-34.
                doi: 10.1538/expanim.15-0031pubmed: 26616638google scholar: lookup
              12. Ghosh K, Kumar R, Singh J, Gahlawat SK, Kumar D, Selokar NL, Yadav SP, Gulati BR, Yadav PS. Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) term amniotic-membrane-derived cells exhibited mesenchymal stem cells characteristics in vitro.. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2015 Oct;51(9):915-21.
                doi: 10.1007/s11626-015-9920-0pubmed: 26019121google scholar: lookup
              13. Tessier L, Bienzle D, Williams LB, Koch TG. Phenotypic and immunomodulatory properties of equine cord blood-derived mesenchymal stromal cells.. PLoS One 2015;10(4):e0122954.
                doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122954pubmed: 25902064google scholar: lookup
              14. Mohanty N, Gulati BR, Kumar R, Gera S, Kumar S, Kumar P, Yadav PS. Phenotypical and functional characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells derived from equine umbilical cord blood.. Cytotechnology 2016 Aug;68(4):795-807.
                doi: 10.1007/s10616-014-9831-zpubmed: 25487085google scholar: lookup
              15. Barberini DJ, Freitas NP, Magnoni MS, Maia L, Listoni AJ, Heckler MC, Sudano MJ, Golim MA, da Cruz Landim-Alvarenga F, Amorim RM. Equine mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow, adipose tissue and umbilical cord: immunophenotypic characterization and differentiation potential.. Stem Cell Res Ther 2014 Feb 21;5(1):25.
                doi: 10.1186/scrt414pubmed: 24559797google scholar: lookup
              16. De Schauwer C, Goossens K, Piepers S, Hoogewijs MK, Govaere JL, Smits K, Meyer E, Van Soom A, Van de Walle GR. Characterization and profiling of immunomodulatory genes of equine mesenchymal stromal cells from non-invasive sources.. Stem Cell Res Ther 2014 Jan 13;5(1):6.
                doi: 10.1186/scrt395pubmed: 24418262google scholar: lookup
              17. Mohanty N, Gulati BR, Kumar R, Gera S, Kumar P, Somasundaram RK, Kumar S. Immunophenotypic characterization and tenogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells isolated from equine umbilical cord blood.. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2014 Jun;50(6):538-48.
                doi: 10.1007/s11626-013-9729-7pubmed: 24414976google scholar: lookup
              18. Gittel C, Brehm W, Burk J, Juelke H, Staszyk C, Ribitsch I. Isolation of equine multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells by enzymatic tissue digestion or explant technique: comparison of cellular properties.. BMC Vet Res 2013 Oct 29;9:221.
                doi: 10.1186/1746-6148-9-221pubmed: 24168625google scholar: lookup
              19. Petsche Connell J, Camci-Unal G, Khademhosseini A, Jacot JG. Amniotic fluid-derived stem cells for cardiovascular tissue engineering applications.. Tissue Eng Part B Rev 2013 Aug;19(4):368-79.
                doi: 10.1089/ten.TEB.2012.0561pubmed: 23350771google scholar: lookup
              20. Mann A, Yadav RP, Singh J, Kumar D, Singh B, Yadav PS. Culture, characterization and differentiation of cells from buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) amnion.. Cytotechnology 2013 Jan;65(1):23-30.
                doi: 10.1007/s10616-012-9464-zpubmed: 22820992google scholar: lookup
              21. Cardoso TC, Ferrari HF, Garcia AF, Novais JB, Silva-Frade C, Ferrarezi MC, Andrade AL, Gameiro R. Isolation and characterization of Wharton's jelly-derived multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells obtained from bovine umbilical cord and maintained in a defined serum-free three-dimensional system.. BMC Biotechnol 2012 May 4;12:18.
                doi: 10.1186/1472-6750-12-18pubmed: 22559872google scholar: lookup
              22. Iacono E, Cunto M, Zambelli D, Ricci F, Tazzari PL, Merlo B. Could fetal fluid and membranes be an alternative source for mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the feline species? A preliminary study.. Vet Res Commun 2012 Jun;36(2):107-18.
                doi: 10.1007/s11259-012-9520-3pubmed: 22327440google scholar: lookup
              23. Benavides OM, Petsche JJ, Moise KJ Jr, Johnson A, Jacot JG. Evaluation of endothelial cells differentiated from amniotic fluid-derived stem cells.. Tissue Eng Part A 2012 Jun;18(11-12):1123-31.
                doi: 10.1089/ten.TEA.2011.0392pubmed: 22250756google scholar: lookup
              Subscribe to our newsletter
              Join 99,344 horse owners like you who receive our email updates on horse health and nutrition.