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Veterinary research2009; 41(2); 19; doi: 10.1051/vetres/2009067

Comparison of two modern vaccines and previous influenza infection against challenge with an equine influenza virus from the Australian 2007 outbreak.

Abstract: During 2007, large outbreaks of equine influenza (EI) caused by Florida sublineage Clade 1 viruses affected horse populations in Japan and Australia. The likely protection that would be provided by two modern vaccines commercially available in the European Union (an ISCOM-based and a canarypox-based vaccine) at the time of the outbreaks was determined. Vaccinated ponies were challenged with a representative outbreak isolate (A/eq/Sydney/2888-8/07) and levels of protection were compared.A group of ponies infected 18 months previously with a phylogenetically-related isolate from 2003 (A/eq/South Africa/4/03) was also challenged with the 2007 outbreak virus. After experimental infection with A/eq/Sydney/2888-8/07, unvaccinated control ponies all showed clinical signs of infection together with virus shedding. Protection achieved by both vaccination or long-term immunity induced by previous exposure to equine influenza virus (EIV) was characterised by minor signs of disease and reduced virus shedding when compared with unvaccinated control ponies. The three different methods of virus titration in embryonated hens' eggs, EIV NP-ELISA and quantitative RT-PCR were used to monitor EIV shedding and results were compared. Though the majority of previously infected ponies had low antibody levels at the time of challenge, they demonstrated good clinical protection and limited virus shedding. In summary, we demonstrate that vaccination with current EIV vaccines would partially protect against infection with A/eq/Sydney/2888-8/07-like strains and would help to limit the spread of disease in our vaccinated horse population.
INRA, EDP Sciences, 2009
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Publication Date: 2009-10-29 PubMed ID: 19863903PubMed Central: PMC2790087DOI: 10.1051/vetres/2009067Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article
  • Randomized Controlled Trial
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research paper investigates the effectiveness of two modern horse flu vaccines and the resilience of horses previously infected with influenza, when exposed to a strain of equine influenza virus (EI) from a 2007 Australian outbreak.

Introduction

The research was prompted by outbreaks of equine influenza caused by the Florida sublineage Clade 1 virus in Japan and Australia in 2007. Concerned about the potential effects of similar outbreaks in the European Union, the researchers examined the likely protection provided by two commercial vaccines. Alongside this, they studied the resistance of horses previously infected with a related virus 18 months before.

Methods

  • The research team conducted an experiment on vaccinated ponies and ponies that had recovered from a prior influenza infection.
  • The ponies were then exposed to a representative strain from the 2007 outbreak (A/eq/Sydney/2888-8/07).
  • Unvaccinated ponies were also infected with the virus, serving as control subjects for comparison.
  • The researchers used three different methods to monitor equine influenza virus (EIV) shedding: embryonated hens’ eggs, EIV NP-ELISA, and quantitative RT-PCR. The results gathered from these methods were compared for consistency and accuracy.

Results

  • The unvaccinated control ponies displayed signs of infection and virus shedding.
  • Vaccinated ponies and previously infected ponies showed reduced virus shedding and minimal signs of disease.
  • Interestingly, even though the previously infected ponies had low levels of antibodies at the time of the experiment, they still had a good clinical response to the virus and limited shedding of the virus.

Conclusion

The researchers concluded that both immunity from previous infection and vaccination provided a degree of protection from the 2007 strain, albeit partial. Vaccination was found to be effective in preventing the widespread transmission of the virus. The study highlights the importance of vaccination to safeguard horse populations against potentially devastating equine influenza outbreaks.

Cite This Article

APA
Bryant NA, Paillot R, Rash AS, Medcalf E, Montesso F, Ross J, Watson J, Jeggo M, Lewis NS, Newton JR, Elton DM. (2009). Comparison of two modern vaccines and previous influenza infection against challenge with an equine influenza virus from the Australian 2007 outbreak. Vet Res, 41(2), 19. https://doi.org/10.1051/vetres/2009067

Publication

Veterinary research
ISSN: 0928-4249
NlmUniqueID: 9309551
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 41
Issue: 2
Pages: 19
PII: 19

Researcher Affiliations

Bryant, Neil A
  • Animal Health Trust, Centre for Preventive Medicine, Lanwades Park, Kentford, Newmarket, CB8 7UU, United Kingdom.
Paillot, Romain
    Rash, Adam S
      Medcalf, Elizabeth
        Montesso, Fernando
          Ross, Julie
            Watson, James
              Jeggo, Martyn
                Lewis, Nicola S
                  Newton, J Richard
                    Elton, Debra M

                      MeSH Terms

                      • Animals
                      • Antibodies, Viral / blood
                      • Australia / epidemiology
                      • Disease Outbreaks / veterinary
                      • Horse Diseases / epidemiology
                      • Horse Diseases / immunology
                      • Horse Diseases / prevention & control
                      • Horse Diseases / virology
                      • Horses
                      • Influenza A Virus, H3N8 Subtype / immunology
                      • Influenza Vaccines / immunology
                      • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / epidemiology
                      • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / prevention & control
                      • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / veterinary
                      • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / virology
                      • Virus Shedding

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                      Citations

                      This article has been cited 13 times.
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