FREE SHIPPING over $40
OVER 9000 FIVE-STAR REVIEWS
5% OFF ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS
100% HAPPINESS GUARANTEE
Analyze Diet
0
Home / Equine Research Bank / PLoS One / Comparison of two portable clinical analyzers to one station...
PloS one2019; 14(2); e0211104; doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211104

Comparison of two portable clinical analyzers to one stationary analyzer for the determination of blood gas partial pressures and blood electrolyte concentrations in horses.

Abstract: Portable blood gas analyzers are used to facilitate diagnosis and treatment of disorders related to disturbances of acid-base and electrolyte balance in the ambulatory care of equine patients. The aim of this study was to determine whether 2 portable analyzers produce results in agreement with a stationary analyzer. Blood samples from 23 horses hospitalized for various medical reasons were included in this prospective study. Blood gas analysis and electrolyte concentrations measured by the portable analyzers VetStat and epoc were compared to those produced by the cobas b 123 analyzer via concordance analysis, Passing-Bablok regression and Bland-Altman analysis. Limits of agreement indicated relevant bias between the VetStat and cobas b 123 for partial pressure of oxygen (pO2; 27.5-33.8 mmHg), sodium ([Na+]; 4.3-21.6 mmol/L) and chloride concentration ([Cl-]; 0.3-7.9 mmol/L) and between the epoc and cobas b 123 for pH (0.070-0.022), partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2; 3.6-7.3 mmHg), pO2 (36.2-32.7 mmHg) and [Na+] (0.38.1 mmol/L). The VetStat analyzer yielded results that were in agreement with the cobas b 123 analyzer for determination of pH, pCO2, bicarbonate ([HCO3-]) and potassium concentration [K+], while the epoc analyzer achieved acceptable agreement for [HCO3-] and [K+]. The VetStat analyzer may be useful in performing blood gas analysis in equine samples but analysis of [Na+], [Cl-] and pO2 should be interpreted with caution. The epoc delivered reliable results for [HCO3-] and [K+], while results for pH, pCO2, pO2 and [Na+] should be interpreted with caution.
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 2019-02-15 PubMed ID: 30768603PubMed Central: PMC6377089DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211104Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedInCopy
  • Comparative Study
  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research investigates the capability of two portable blood gas analyzers to measure blood gas partial pressures and blood electrolyte concentrations in horses, by comparing the results produced by these devices with a stationary analyzer. Main results indicate varying levels of accuracy between the portable and stationary devices, necessitating cautious interpretation in certain scenarios.

Research Design and Execution

  • The research was prospective in nature, intending to gauge the performance of the portable analyzers moving forward.
  • 23 horses from a hospital were sampled for the study, including a variety of medical conditions.
  • Two mobile devices, known as VetStat and epoc, were utilized for the analysis of blood parameters and compared to the cobas b 123 analyzer, a stationary, or non-mobile, device.
  • The measurements obtained by the mobile devices were statistically analysed to study their alignment with the cobas b 123 analyzer. This analysis included concordance analysis, Passing-Bablok regression, and Bland-Altman analysis.

Key Findings

  • The analysis found some discrepancies between the portable analyzers and the stationary one. Specifically, there were differences in the measurements of pO2, sodium and chloride concentration in the VetStat analyzer when compared with the cobas b 123 machine.
  • Similarly, in the epoc analyzer, differences were found in measurements of pH, pCO2, pO2 and sodium concentration.
  • However, there were certain measurements where the mobile devices showed alignment with the stationary analyzer.
  • The VetStat analyzer showed agreement in parameters of pH, pCO2, bicarbonate and potassium concentration. Similarly, the EPoc analyzer delivered reliable results for bicarbonate and potassium concentration levels.

Conclusion

  • The study conclusion suggests that while the VetStat analyzer can be effectively used in assessing blood gas parameters in equine samples, the analysis of sodium, chloride and partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) needs cautious interpretation due to the observed significant bias.
  • Also, while the epoc analyzer provided reliable results for bicarbonate and potassium concentration, the analysis of pH, partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2), pO2 and sodium concentration requires a careful approach due to discrepancies observed in comparison with the stationary cobas b 123 analyzer.

Cite This Article

APA
Kirsch K, Detilleux J, Serteyn D, Sandersen C. (2019). Comparison of two portable clinical analyzers to one stationary analyzer for the determination of blood gas partial pressures and blood electrolyte concentrations in horses. PLoS One, 14(2), e0211104. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0211104

Publication

PloS one
ISSN: 1932-6203
NlmUniqueID: 101285081
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 14
Issue: 2
Pages: e0211104
PII: e0211104

Researcher Affiliations

Kirsch, Katharina
  • Equine Clinic, Department of Companion Animals and Equids, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
Detilleux, Johann
  • Department of Quantitative Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
Serteyn, Didier
  • Equine Clinic, Department of Companion Animals and Equids, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
Sandersen, Charlotte
  • Equine Clinic, Department of Companion Animals and Equids, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Bicarbonates / blood
  • Blood Gas Analysis / instrumentation
  • Blood Gas Analysis / statistics & numerical data
  • Carbon Dioxide / blood
  • Chlorides / blood
  • Electrolytes / blood
  • Female
  • Horses / blood
  • Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
  • Male
  • Oxygen / blood
  • Partial Pressure
  • Point-of-Care Systems
  • Potassium / blood
  • Prospective Studies
  • Reproducibility of Results
  • Sodium / blood

Conflict of Interest Statement

One of the authors (KK) is employed by an institution that has received sponsorship by IDEXX. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

References

This article includes 35 references
  1. Blikslager AT, Jones SL. Obstructive disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. In: Reed SM, Bayly WM, Sellon CD, eds. Equine Internal Medicine, 3rd ed St. Louis: Saunders Elsevier; 1998;922–936.
  2. Smith BP, ed. Large Animal Internal Medicine, 5th ed St. Louis: Saunders Elsevier; 2014;362.
  3. Southwood LL, Wilkins PA, eds. Equine Emergency and Critical Care Medicine. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2015;635–637.
  4. Johnson PJ. Electrolyte and acid-base disturbances in the horse.. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 1995 Dec;11(3):491-514.
    pubmed: 8925422doi: 10.1016/s0749-0739(17)30312-7google scholar: lookup
  5. Aguilera-Tejero E, Estepa JC, López I, Bas S, Mayer-Valor R, Rodríguez M. Quantitative analysis of acid-base balance in show jumpers before and after exercise.. Res Vet Sci 2000 Apr;68(2):103-8.
    pubmed: 10756125doi: 10.1053/rvsc.1999.0341google scholar: lookup
  6. Andrews FM, Geiser DR, White SL, Williamson LH, Maykuth PL, Green EM. Haematological and biochemical changes in horses competing in a 3 Star horse trial and 3-day-event.. Equine Vet J Suppl 1995 Nov;(20):57-63.
    pubmed: 8933086doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1995.tb05009.xgoogle scholar: lookup
  7. Foreman JH, Waldsmith JK, Lalum RB. Physical, acid-base and electrolyte changes in horses competing in Training, Preliminary and Intermediate horse trials. Equine Comp Exerc Physiol 2004;1:99–105.
  8. Hinchcliff KW, Kohn CW, Geor R, McCutcheon LJ, Foreman J, Andrews FM, Allen AK, White SL, Williamson LH, Maykuth PL. Acid:base and serum biochemistry changes in horses competing at a modified 1 Star 3-day-event.. Equine Vet J Suppl 1995 Nov;(20):105-10.
    pubmed: 8933092doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1995.tb05015.xgoogle scholar: lookup
  9. Rose RJ, Ilkiw JE, Martin IC. Blood-gas, acid-base and haematological values in horses during an endurance ride.. Equine Vet J 1979 Jan;11(1):56-9.
    pubmed: 34511doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1979.tb01300.xgoogle scholar: lookup
  10. Rose RJ, Ilkiw JE, Arnold KS, Backhouse JW, Sampson D. Plasma biochemistry in the horse during 3-day event competition.. Equine Vet J 1980 Jul;12(3):132-6.
    pubmed: 7408834doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1980.tb03401.xgoogle scholar: lookup
  11. Viu J, Jose-Cunilleras E, Armengou L, Cesarini C, Tarancón I, Rios J, Monreal L. Acid-base imbalances during a 120 km endurance race compared by traditional and simplified strong ion difference methods.. Equine Vet J Suppl 2010 Nov;(38):76-82.
    pubmed: 21058986doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2010.00213.xgoogle scholar: lookup
  12. Williamson LH, Andrews FM, Maykuth PL, White SL, Green EM. Biochemical changes in three-day-event horses at the beginning, middle and end of Phase C and after Phase D.. Equine Vet J Suppl 1996 Jul;(22):92-8.
    pubmed: 8894555doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1996.tb05036.xgoogle scholar: lookup
  13. Lindinger MI. Acid-base physiology during exercise and in response to training. In: Hinchcliff KW, Kaneps AJ, Geor RJ, eds. Equine Sports Medicine and Surgery. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2004;872–918.
  14. Bardell D, West E, Mark J Senior. Evaluation of a new handheld point-of-care blood gas analyzer using 100 equine blood samples. Vet Anaesth Analg 2017;44:77–84.
  15. Lin LI. A concordance correlation coefficient to evaluate reproducibility.. Biometrics 1989 Mar;45(1):255-68.
    pubmed: 2720055
  16. McBride GB. A proposal for strength-of-agreement criteria for Lin’s Concordance Correlation Coefficient. NIWA Client Report 2005: HAM2005-062. National Institute for Water and Athmospheric Research. Hamilton, New Zealand.
  17. Passing H, Bablok. A new biometrical procedure for testing the equality of measurements from two different analytical methods. Application of linear regression procedures for method comparison studies in clinical chemistry, Part I.. J Clin Chem Clin Biochem 1983 Nov;21(11):709-20.
    pubmed: 6655447doi: 10.1515/cclm.1983.21.11.709google scholar: lookup
  18. Bland JM, Altman DG. Statistical methods for assessing agreement between two methods of clinical measurement.. Lancet 1986 Feb 8;1(8476):307-10.
    pubmed: 2868172
  19. Bland JM, Altman DG. Measuring agreement in method comparison studies. Stat Methods Med Res 1999;8(2):135–160.
    doi: 10.1177/096228029900800204pubmed: 0google scholar: lookup
  20. Westgard JO, Carey RN, Wold S. Criteria for judging precision and accuracy in method development and evaluation.. Clin Chem 1974 Jul;20(7):825-33.
    pubmed: 4835236
  21. . Medicare, Medicaid, and CLIA programs; laboratory requirements relating to quality systems and certain personnel qualifications. Final rule.. Fed Regist 2003 Jan 24;68(16):3639-714.
    pubmed: 12545998
  22. Westgard JO. Minimum, optimal and desirable specifications for total error, imprecision, and bias derived from intra—and inter-individual biological variation. Tools, technologies and training for healthcare laboratories. http://westgard.com/quality-requirements.htm. Last accessed 13 november 2018.
  23. Hanneman SK. Design, analysis, and interpretation of method-comparison studies.. AACN Adv Crit Care 2008 Apr-Jun;19(2):223-34.
    doi: 10.1097/01.AACN.0000318125.41512.a3pmc: PMC2944826pubmed: 18560291google scholar: lookup
  24. McAlinden C, Khadka J, Pesudovs K. Statistical methods for conducting agreement (comparison of clinical tests) and precision (repeatability or reproducibility) studies in optometry and ophthalmology.. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2011 Jul;31(4):330-8.
    doi: 10.1111/j.1475-1313.2011.00851.xpubmed: 21615445google scholar: lookup
  25. Cornbleet PJ, Gochman N. Incorrect least-squares regression coefficients in method-comparison analysis.. Clin Chem 1979 Mar;25(3):432-8.
    pubmed: 262186
  26. Briggs C, Culp N, Davis B, d'Onofrio G, Zini G, Machin SJ. ICSH guidelines for the evaluation of blood cell analysers including those used for differential leucocyte and reticulocyte counting.. Int J Lab Hematol 2014 Dec;36(6):613-27.
    doi: 10.1111/ijlh.12201pubmed: 24666725google scholar: lookup
  27. West E, Bardell D, Senior JM. Comparison of the EPOC and i-STAT analysers for canine blood gas and electrolyte analysis.. J Small Anim Pract 2014 Mar;55(3):139-44.
    doi: 10.1111/jsap.12177pubmed: 24428140google scholar: lookup
  28. Elmeshreghi TN, Grubb TL, Greene SA, Ragle CA, Wardrop JA. Comparison of Enterprise Point-of-Care and Nova Biomedical Critical Care Xpress analyzers for determination of arterial pH, blood gas, and electrolyte values in canine and equine blood.. Vet Clin Pathol 2018 Sep;47(3):415-424.
    doi: 10.1111/vcp.12635pubmed: 29989207google scholar: lookup
  29. Roels E, Gommeren K, Farnir F, Delvaux F, Billen F, Clercx C. Comparison of 4 point-of-care blood gas analyzers for arterial blood gas analysis in healthy dogs and dogs with cardiopulmonary disease.. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2016 May;26(3):352-9.
    pubmed: 27062542doi: 10.1111/vec.12469google scholar: lookup
  30. Sehgal LR, Sehgal HL, Rosen AL, Gould SA, Moss GS. Effect of Intralipid on measurements of total hemoglobin and oxyhemoglobin in whole blood.. Crit Care Med 1984 Oct;12(10):907-9.
    pubmed: 6488832doi: 10.1097/00003246-198410000-00015google scholar: lookup
  31. Gourlain H, Buneaux F, Borron SW, Gouget B, Levillain P. Interference of methylene blue with CO-Oximetry of hemoglobin derivatives.. Clin Chem 1997 Jun;43(6 Pt 1):1078-80.
    pubmed: 9191565
  32. Koch TR, Cook JD. Benzalkonium interference with test methods for potassium and sodium.. Clin Chem 1990 May;36(5):807-8.
    pubmed: 2337994
  33. Dimeski G, Badrick T, John AS. Ion Selective Electrodes (ISEs) and interferences--a review.. Clin Chim Acta 2010 Mar;411(5-6):309-17.
    doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2009.12.005pubmed: 20004654google scholar: lookup
  34. Saini N, Basu S, Kaur R, Kaur J. Assessment of changes in plasma hemoglobin and potassium levels in red cell units during processing and storage.. Transfus Apher Sci 2015 Jun;52(3):319-25.
    pubmed: 25665725doi: 10.1016/j.transci.2015.01.009google scholar: lookup
  35. Lippi G, Fontana R, Avanzini P, Sandei F, Ippolito L. Influence of spurious hemolysis on blood gas analysis.. Clin Chem Lab Med 2013 Aug;51(8):1651-4.
    doi: 10.1515/cclm-2012-0802pubmed: 23314547google scholar: lookup

Citations

This article has been cited 7 times.
  1. Sandersen C, Dmitrovic P, Dupont J, Cesarini C, Guyot H, Serteyn D, Kirsch K. Analytical Performance Evaluation of the New GEM(®) Premier™ 5000 in Comparison to the Epoc(®) Blood Gas Analyzer in Horses.. Vet Sci 2023 Feb 3;10(2).
    doi: 10.3390/vetsci10020114pubmed: 36851418google scholar: lookup
  2. Ro Y, Choi W, Hong L, Kim E, Choe E, Kim D. Comparison of the bovine blood gas parameters produced with three types of portable blood gas analyzers.. J Vet Sci 2022 Jul;23(4):e60.
    doi: 10.4142/jvs.22050pubmed: 35920124google scholar: lookup
  3. Coenen MC, Gille L, Eppe J, Casalta H, Bayrou C, Dubreucq P, Frisée V, Moula N, Evrard J, Martinelle L, Sartelet A, Bossaert P, Djebala S. Blood Inflammatory, Hydro-Electrolytes and Acid-Base Changes in Belgian Blue Cows Developing Parietal Fibrinous Peritonitis or Generalised Peritonitis after Caesarean Section.. Vet Sci 2022 Mar 14;9(3).
    doi: 10.3390/vetsci9030134pubmed: 35324862google scholar: lookup
  4. Verdegaal EJMM, Howarth GS, McWhorter TJ, Boshuizen B, Franklin SH, Vidal Moreno de Vega C, Jonas SE, Folwell LE, Delesalle CJG. Continuous Monitoring of the Thermoregulatory Response in Endurance Horses and Trotter Horses During Field Exercise: Baselining for Future Hot Weather Studies.. Front Physiol 2021;12:708737.
    doi: 10.3389/fphys.2021.708737pubmed: 34512382google scholar: lookup
  5. Nawrocki J, Furian M, Buergin A, Mayer L, Schneider S, Mademilov M, Bloch MS, Sooronbaev TM, Ulrich S, Bloch KE. Validation of a Portable Blood Gas Analyzer for Use in Challenging Field Conditions at High Altitude.. Front Physiol 2020;11:600551.
    doi: 10.3389/fphys.2020.600551pubmed: 33488397google scholar: lookup
  6. Gomez DE, Buczinski S, Darby S, Palmisano M, Beatty SSK, Mackay RJ. Agreement of 2 electrolyte analyzers for identifying electrolyte and acid-base disorders in sick horses.. J Vet Intern Med 2020 Nov;34(6):2758-2766.
    doi: 10.1111/jvim.15889pubmed: 32965055google scholar: lookup
  7. Kirsch K, Sandersen C. Traditional and quantitative analysis of acid-base and electrolyte imbalances in horses competing in cross-country competitions at 2-star to 5-star level.. J Vet Intern Med 2020 Mar;34(2):909-921.
    doi: 10.1111/jvim.15708pubmed: 31985090google scholar: lookup
Subscribe to our newsletter
Join 99,344 horse owners like you who receive our email updates on horse health and nutrition.