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Home / Equine Research Bank / Arch Virol / Complete genome analysis of equine coronavirus isolated in J...
Archives of virology2015; 160(11); 2903-2906; doi: 10.1007/s00705-015-2565-1

Complete genome analysis of equine coronavirus isolated in Japan.

Abstract: Equine coronavirus has been responsible for several outbreaks of disease in the United States and Japan. Only one complete genome sequence (NC99 isolated in the US) had been reported for this pathogenic RNA virus. Here, we report the complete genome sequences of three equine coronaviruses isolated in 2009 and 2012 in Japan. The genome sequences of Tokachi09, Obihiro12-1 and Obihiro12-2 were 30,782, 30,916 and 30,916 nucleotides in length, respectively, excluding the 3'-poly (A) tails. All three isolates were genetically similar to NC99 (98.2-98.7%), but deletions and insertions were observed in the genes nsp3 of ORF1a, NS2 and p4.7.
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Publication Date: 2015-08-14 PubMed ID: 26271151PubMed Central: PMC7086706DOI: 10.1007/s00705-015-2565-1Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This study focuses on the complete genome analysis of three strains of equine coronavirus isolated in Japan in 2009 and 2012. The strains show similarity to a previously studied strain, but also present deletions and insertions in key genes.

Overview of The Research

  • The researchers conducted a complete genome analysis of three strains of equine coronavirus, namely Tokachi09, Obihiro12-1, and Obihiro12-2, which were isolated in Japan in 2009 and 2012.
  • The complete genome sequences were 30,782, 30,916, and 30,916 nucleotides in length, respectively, excluding the 3′-poly (A) tails. A nucleotide is the basic building block of nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA, which contain the genetic information of organisms. The 3′-poly (A) tail is a sequence of adenine nucleotides added to the 3′ end of a pre-mRNA molecule during RNA processing.
  • These sequences provide the genetic blueprint that defines what the virus is and how it functions.

Comparison with A Known Strain

  • The three Japanese strains of equine coronavirus were compared to NC99, a strain that had been isolated and studied in the United States.
  • The genetic analysis showed that the three Japanese strains were 98.2-98.7% genetically similar to NC99. This implies a high level of genetic conservation between these strains despite their geographical difference.

Deletions and Insertions in Key Genes

  • Although the Japanese strains were largely similar to NC99, the researchers observed deletions and insertions in the genes nsp3 of ORF1a, NS2 and p4.7.
  • While the exact functions of these genes in equine coronavirus are not described in the abstract, the mention of deletions and insertions suggests there may be some differences in viral functioning between the Japanese and American strains.
  • The insertion and deletion events can lead to frameshift mutations which can alter the viral proteins, affecting their functionality and the overall pathogenicity of the virus.

Cite This Article

APA
Nemoto M, Oue Y, Murakami S, Kanno T, Bannai H, Tsujimura K, Yamanaka T, Kondo T. (2015). Complete genome analysis of equine coronavirus isolated in Japan. Arch Virol, 160(11), 2903-2906. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-015-2565-1

Publication

Archives of virology
ISSN: 1432-8798
NlmUniqueID: 7506870
Country: Austria
Language: English
Volume: 160
Issue: 11
Pages: 2903-2906

Researcher Affiliations

Nemoto, Manabu
  • Epizootic Research Center, Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, 1400-4 Shiba, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0412, Japan. nemoto_manabu@equinst.go.jp.
Oue, Yasuhiro
  • Hokkaido Kushiro Livestock Hygiene Service Center, 127-1 Otanoshike, Kushiro, Hokkaido, 084-0917, Japan.
Murakami, Satoshi
  • Thermo Fisher Scientific, Life technologies Japan Ltd., Sumitomo Fudosan Mita Twin Bldg., 4-2-8 Shibaura, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-0023, Japan.
Kanno, Toru
  • Dairy Hygiene Research Division, Hokkaido Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, 4 Hitsujigaoka, Toyohira, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 062-0045, Japan.
Bannai, Hiroshi
  • Epizootic Research Center, Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, 1400-4 Shiba, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0412, Japan.
Tsujimura, Koji
  • Epizootic Research Center, Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, 1400-4 Shiba, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0412, Japan.
Yamanaka, Takashi
  • Epizootic Research Center, Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, 1400-4 Shiba, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0412, Japan.
Kondo, Takashi
  • Epizootic Research Center, Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, 1400-4 Shiba, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0412, Japan.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Base Sequence
  • Coronavirus / classification
  • Coronavirus / genetics
  • Coronavirus / isolation & purification
  • Coronavirus Infections / veterinary
  • Coronavirus Infections / virology
  • Genome, Viral
  • Horse Diseases / virology
  • Horses
  • Japan
  • Molecular Sequence Data
  • Open Reading Frames
  • Phylogeny

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This article includes 6 references
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Citations

This article has been cited 13 times.
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