Continuing evolution of equine influenza virus in Central Asia, 2007-2012.
Abstract: Equine influenza (EI) continues to be an important respiratory pathogen of horses worldwide. Since 2007 several outbreaks of EI have occurred in Central Asian countries, including Kazakhstan, western Mongolia, India and western China. Phylogenetic analysis showed that two H3N8 equine influenza virus (EIV) isolates from Kazakhstan, A/equine/Almaty/26/2007 and A/equine/South Kazakhstan/236/12, were related to Florida sublineage 2, with high similarity to EIVs circulating in the same period in neighbouring countries. New outbreaks of EI during 2011 and 2012 in Kazakhstan and other Central Asian countries were caused by viruses of the same lineage. Genetic characterization of the viruses showed formation of a small EIV cluster with specific genetic signatures and continued evolution of this lineage in Central Asia between 2007 and 2012. The main genetic changes were observed in hemagglutinin gene without any antigenic drift. Although no vaccination policy was carried out in Kazakhstan, application of Florida clade 2-based vaccines is recommended.
Publication Date: 2014-04-20 PubMed ID: 24748052DOI: 10.1007/s00705-014-2078-3Google Scholar: Lookup The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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The research article discusses the continued evolution of Equine Influenza Virus (EIV) in Central Asia from 2007 to 2012, highlighting the genetic changes in the virus and recommending appropriate vaccinations.
Continued Evolution of Equine Influenza Virus
- The study primarily focuses on two H3N8 equine influenza virus (EIV) isolates from Kazakhstan identified as A/Equine/Almaty/26/2007 and A/Equine/South Kazakhstan/236/12.
- These isolates were found to be related to the Florida sublineage 2 and showed high similarity with EIVs circulating in the neighbouring countries during the same period.
- The trend of EIV evolution in Central Asia was observed over a span of 5 years, from 2007 to 2012.
Outbreaks of Equine Influenza
- Several outbreaks of equine influenza (EI) were reported in Central Asian countries, notably Kazakhstan, western Mongolia, India, and western China between 2011 and 2012.
- These new outbreaks were found to be caused by viruses from the same lineage identified in the research.
Genetic Characteristics of the Viruses
- Genetic characterization revealed that these viruses formed a small EIV cluster with specific genetic signatures.
- The primary genetic changes were found in the hemagglutinin gene, a key gene that codes for a protein crucial for virus binding and entry into host cells.
- Notably, changes in this gene did not correspond to any antigenic drift, a phenomenon that often leads to a virus escaping the immune response of the host, frequently causing viral outbreaks.
Vaccination Recommendations
- The study mentions that there was no vaccination policy implemented in Kazakhstan during the study period.
- However, based on their observations and findings, the researchers recommend the use of vaccines based on the Florida clade 2 to counteract the EIVs circulating in Central Asia.
Cite This Article
APA
Karamendin K, Kydyrmanov A, Kasymbekov Y, Khan E, Daulbayeva K, Asanova S, Zhumatov K, Seidalina A, Sayatov M, Fereidouni SR.
(2014).
Continuing evolution of equine influenza virus in Central Asia, 2007-2012.
Arch Virol, 159(9), 2321-2327.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-014-2078-3 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Laboratory of Viral Ecology, Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Almaty, Kazakhstan, kobey@nursat.kz.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Asia, Central / epidemiology
- Cluster Analysis
- Disease Outbreaks
- Evolution, Molecular
- Horse Diseases / epidemiology
- Horse Diseases / virology
- Horses
- Influenza A Virus, H3N8 Subtype / classification
- Influenza A Virus, H3N8 Subtype / genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H3N8 Subtype / isolation & purification
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections / epidemiology
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections / veterinary
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections / virology
- Phylogeny
- RNA, Viral / genetics
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
Citations
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