Cumulative antibiogram and multidrug-resistant organisms in a regional equine referral hospital.
Abstract: Prudent use of antimicrobials is paramount to slow the development of resistance and for successful treatment. The use of cumulative antibiograms will allow evidence-based antimicrobial selection with consideration of local resistance patterns. We generated a "first-isolate-per-patient" cumulative antibiogram for a regional equine referral hospital. Bacterial organisms cultured from horses between 2011 and 2018, sample origin, antimicrobial susceptibilities, and multidrug-resistant (MDR) status were tabulated. Of 1,176 samples, 50% were culture positive. Overall, 93 of 374 (25%) were MDR. Of the MDR isolates, 11 (12%) were susceptible to high-importance antimicrobials only (as defined by the Australian Strategic and Technical Advisory Group on antimicrobial resistance). β-hemolytic streptococci were uniformly susceptible to penicillin (76 of 76); 17 of 20 (85%) non-β-hemolytic spp. were susceptible to penicillin. Despite veterinary-specific challenges in constructing an antibiogram, our study provides an exemplar of the clinical utility of regional-, farm-, or hospital-specific cumulative antibiograms for evidence-based empirical antimicrobial selection by veterinarians prior to susceptibility result availability.
Publication Date: 2020-11-28 PubMed ID: 33252023PubMed Central: PMC7758692DOI: 10.1177/1040638720977478Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
Summary
This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.
The study focuses on generating a cumulative antibiogram for a regional equine referral hospital to provide evidence-based treatment utilizing antibiotics with an understanding of local resistance patterns.
Research Methodology and Data Collection
- The researchers collected bacterial samples from horses that were treated at a regional equine referral hospital from 2011 to 2018.
- The samples were then examined for various factors such as the origin of the sample, the susceptibility of the bacteria towards various antimicrobial substances, and the status of the bacteria’s multidrug-resistant (MDR) capability.
Research Findings
- Out of 1,176 samples collected, 50% of the samples were positive for bacterial culture.
- Of the culture-positive samples, 374 were found to be MDR with 93 (or 25%) of these being multidrug-resistant organisms.
- Among these multidrug-resistant organisms, 11 (or 12%) were only susceptible to high-importance antimicrobials, as per the classification by the Australian Strategic and Technical Advisory Group on antimicrobial resistance.
Findings on Specific Bacteria and Antimicrobial Effectiveness
- The researchers found that β-hemolytic streptococci were uniformly susceptible to penicillin. All 76 strains that were tested showed susceptibility to penicillin.
- In comparison, 85% of non-β-hemolytic species, which totaled 20, showed susceptibility towards penicillin.
Application and Utility of the Study
- This study offers an exemplary method for developing antibiograms that are specific to a region, farm, or hospital.
- The findings from such antibiograms can effectively guide empirical antimicrobial selection by veterinarians, even before the susceptibility results are made available.
Cite This Article
APA
Yuen KY, Gibson JS, Hinrichsen S, Medina-Torres CE, Bertin FR, Stewart AJ.
(2020).
Cumulative antibiogram and multidrug-resistant organisms in a regional equine referral hospital.
J Vet Diagn Invest, 33(1), 149-155.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1040638720977478 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia.
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia.
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia.
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia.
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia.
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Bacteria / drug effects
- Bacteria / isolation & purification
- Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial
- Horses / microbiology
- Hospitals, Animal / statistics & numerical data
- Microbial Sensitivity Tests / statistics & numerical data
- Microbial Sensitivity Tests / veterinary
- Queensland
Conflict of Interest Statement
The authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
References
This article includes 21 references
- Australian Strategic and Technical Advisory Group on Antimicrobial Resistance ASTAG. Importance ratings and summary of antibacterial uses in human and animal health in Australia. Department of Health, Australian Government, 2018.
- Clark C, Greenwood S, Boison JO, Chirino-Trejo M, Dowling PM. Bacterial isolates from equine infections in western Canada (1998-2003).. Can Vet J 2008 Feb;49(2):153-60.
- Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute CLSI. Analysis and presentation of cumulative antimicrobial susceptibility test data; approved guideline. 4th ed. CLSI, 2014. CLSI document M39-A4.
- Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute CLSI. Performance standards for antimicrobial disk and dilution susceptibility test for bacteria isolated from animals. 5th ed. CLSI, 2018. CLSI standard VET01.
- Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute CLSI. Performance standards for antimicrobial disk and dilution susceptibility test for bacteria isolated from animals. 4th ed. CLSI, 2018. CLSI supplement VET08.
- Ensink JM, Smit JA, van Duijkeren E. Clinical efficacy of trimethoprim/sulfadiazine and procaine penicillin G in a Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus infection model in ponies.. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2003 Aug;26(4):247-52.
- Erol E, Locke SJ, Donahoe JK, Mackin MA, Carter CN. Beta-hemolytic Streptococcus spp. from horses: a retrospective study (2000-2010).. J Vet Diagn Invest 2012 Jan;24(1):142-7.
- Giguère S. Principles of antimicrobial drug selection and use. Antimicrobial Therapy in Veterinary Medicine 5th ed. Wiley Blackwell, 2013:105–115.
- Johns IC, Adams EL. Trends in antimicrobial resistance in equine bacterial isolates: 1999-2012.. Vet Rec 2015 Mar 28;176(13):334.
- Magiorakos AP, Srinivasan A, Carey RB, Carmeli Y, Falagas ME, Giske CG, Harbarth S, Hindler JF, Kahlmeter G, Olsson-Liljequist B, Paterson DL, Rice LB, Stelling J, Struelens MJ, Vatopoulos A, Weber JT, Monnet DL. Multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant and pandrug-resistant bacteria: an international expert proposal for interim standard definitions for acquired resistance.. Clin Microbiol Infect 2012 Mar;18(3):268-81.
- Papich MG. Antimicrobials, susceptibility testing, and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) in veterinary infection treatment.. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2013 Sep;43(5):1079-89.
- Parveen S, Lukasik J, Scott TM, Tamplin ML, Portier KM, Sheperd S, Braun K, Farrah SR. Geographical variation in antibiotic resistance profiles of Escherichia coli isolated from swine, poultry, beef and dairy cattle farm water retention ponds in Florida.. J Appl Microbiol 2006;100(1):50-7.
- Ramirez MS, Tolmasky ME. Amikacin: Uses, Resistance, and Prospects for Inhibition.. Molecules 2017 Dec 19;22(12).
- Sanchez LC, Giguère S, Lester GD. Factors associated with survival of neonatal foals with bacteremia and racing performance of surviving Thoroughbreds: 423 cases (1982-2007).. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2008 Nov 1;233(9):1446-52.
- Taylor AH, Mair TS, Smith LJ, Perkins JD. Bacterial culture of septic synovial structures of horses: does a positive bacterial culture influence prognosis?. Equine Vet J 2010 Apr;42(3):213-8.
- Theelen MJ, Wilson WD, Edman JM, Magdesian KG, Kass PH. Temporal trends in in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of bacteria isolated from foals with sepsis: 1979-2010.. Equine Vet J 2014 Mar;46(2):161-8.
- Toombs-Ruane LJ, Riley CB, Kendall AT, Bolwell CF, Benschop J, Rosanowski SM. Antimicrobial Susceptibilities of Aerobic Isolates from Respiratory Samples of Young New Zealand Horses.. J Vet Intern Med 2015 Nov-Dec;29(6):1700-6.
- Werner LA, Hardy J, Bertone AL. Bone gentamicin concentration after intra-articular injection or regional intravenous perfusion in the horse.. Vet Surg 2003 Nov-Dec;32(6):559-65.
- White A, Hughes JM. Critical Importance of a One Health Approach to Antimicrobial Resistance.. Ecohealth 2019 Sep;16(3):404-409.
- World Health Organization WHO. Critically Important Antimicrobials for Human Medicine. 6th rev. ed. WHO, 2019.
- Zaman SB, Hussain MA, Nye R, Mehta V, Mamun KT, Hossain N. A Review on Antibiotic Resistance: Alarm Bells are Ringing.. Cureus 2017 Jun 28;9(6):e1403.
Citations
This article has been cited 1 times.- Kalnins NJ, Croton C, Haworth M, Gibson J, Purcell SL, Stewart AJ. A VetCompass Australia Study of Antimicrobial Use in Dog-to-Dog Bite Wounds (1998-2018).. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022 Jan 2;11(1).
Use Nutrition Calculator
Check if your horse's diet meets their nutrition requirements with our easy-to-use tool Check your horse's diet with our easy-to-use tool
Talk to a Nutritionist
Discuss your horse's feeding plan with our experts over a free phone consultation Discuss your horse's diet over a phone consultation
Submit Diet Evaluation
Get a customized feeding plan for your horse formulated by our equine nutritionists Get a custom feeding plan formulated by our nutritionists
