Current research and theories on the pathogenesis of acute laminitis in the horse.
Abstract: A large number of studies have been undertaken in recent years aimed at furthering our understanding of the complex mechanisms underlying the common and debilitating condition of acute laminitis in the horse. Many of these studies have either reinforced or cast doubt on previously held theories on the pathogenesis of this disease, while others have suggested new mechanisms which may play a key role in its development. This review seeks to put the current hypotheses into the context of this recent body of evidence. While a unifying theory may not yet seem to be achievable, this review demonstrates that most of the current theories are not mutually exclusive. Studies utilising in vitro and in vivo models of the disease, particularly addressing the areas of inflammation, haemodynamic disturbances and enzyme activation in the hoof, as well as the preceding events occurring in the hindgut, have helped to explain many clinical observations of the disease and may possibly lead to more effective therapies and means of prevention in the future.
Publication Date: 2004-02-21 PubMed ID: 14975387DOI: 10.1016/S1090-0233(03)00120-5Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Review
Summary
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The research article provides a review of recent studies and theories on acute laminitis in horses, a common and debilitating condition. It explores different mechanisms believed to contribute to the disease and uses recent evidence to contextualize these theories.
Understanding Acute Laminitis
- The central focus of this research article is acute laminitis, a condition common in horses which can cause substantial discomfort and foot disorders, severely impeding their general health and movement.
- The report examines a series of theories and studies which have been crafted to understand the complexities and mechanisms of this disease better.
Various Theories on Pathogenesis
- The review delves into many theories about the pathogenesis, or the biological mechanism that leads to the disease. These theories have been either strengthened or doubted based on recent studies.
- Some interesting new mechanisms that could play a significant role in the development of acute laminitis have also been proposed.
Evidence from Different Studies
- The evidence presented to support or contest the theories comes from numerous research studies that have applied in vitro (outside a living organism) and in vivo (in a living organism) models of acute laminitis.
- These studies have been pivotal in providing deeper insights into the disease and its manifestation and have been instrumental in validating many clinical observations of the disease.
Focus Areas
- The primary focus areas of these studies have been the investigation of inflammation, haemodynamic disturbances, enzyme activation in the hoof, and pre-existing conditions in the hindgut of the horse. These factors are presumed to have direct and significant impacts on the disease’s emergence.
- Although a definitive unifying theory for the pathogenesis of acute laminitis has not been established, the article makes it clear that most of the current theories do not contradict each other.
Implications for the Future
- With continued research in the area of acute laminitis, there is the potential for developing more effective therapies and preventative methods for the disease in the future.
Cite This Article
APA
Bailey SR, Marr CM, Elliott J.
(2004).
Current research and theories on the pathogenesis of acute laminitis in the horse.
Vet J, 167(2), 129-142.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1090-0233(03)00120-5 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Veterinary Basic Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK.
MeSH Terms
- Acute Disease
- Animal Feed
- Animals
- Foot Diseases / physiopathology
- Foot Diseases / veterinary
- Hoof and Claw / blood supply
- Hoof and Claw / pathology
- Horse Diseases / physiopathology
- Horses
- Humans
Citations
This article has been cited 11 times.- Ayoub C, Arroyo LG, MacNicol JL, Renaud D, Weese JS, Gomez DE. Fecal microbiota of horses with colitis and its association with laminitis and survival during hospitalization. J Vet Intern Med 2022 Nov;36(6):2213-2223.
- Blaettler C, Kaessmeyer S, Grabherr S, Koch C, Schweizer D, Van der Vekens E. Post-mortem Computed Tomographic Angiography in Equine Distal Forelimbs: A Feasibility Study. Front Vet Sci 2022;9:868390.
- Gomez DE, Li L, Goetz H, MacNicol J, Gamsjaeger L, Renaud DL. Calf Diarrhea Is Associated With a Shift From Obligated to Facultative Anaerobes and Expansion of Lactate-Producing Bacteria. Front Vet Sci 2022;9:846383.
- Gandarillas M, Keim JP, Gapp EM. Associative Effects between Forages and Concentrates on In Vitro Fermentation of Working Equine Diets. Animals (Basel) 2021 Jul 26;11(8).
- Ribitsch I, Oreff GL, Jenner F. Regenerative Medicine for Equine Musculoskeletal Diseases. Animals (Basel) 2021 Jan 19;11(1).
- Manosalva C, Quiroga J, Teuber S, Cárdenas S, Carretta MD, Morán G G, Alarcón P, Hidalgo MA, Burgos RA. D-Lactate Increases Cytokine Production in Bovine Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes via MCT1 Uptake and the MAPK, PI3K/Akt, and NFκB Pathways. Animals (Basel) 2020 Nov 13;10(11).
- Garber A, Hastie P, McGuinness D, Malarange P, Murray JA. Abrupt dietary changes between grass and hay alter faecal microbiota of ponies. PLoS One 2020;15(8):e0237869.
- Angelone M, Conti V, Biacca C, Battaglia B, Pecorari L, Piana F, Gnudi G, Leonardi F, Ramoni R, Basini G, Dotti S, Renzi S, Ferrari M, Grolli S. The Contribution of Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Platelet-Rich Plasma to the Treatment of Chronic Equine Laminitis: A Proof of Concept. Int J Mol Sci 2017 Oct 11;18(10).
- Faramarzi B, Lee D, May K, Dong F. Response to acupuncture treatment in horses with chronic laminitis. Can Vet J 2017 Aug;58(8):823-827.
- Menzies-Gow NJ, Wray H, Bailey SR, Harris PA, Elliott J. The effect of tumour necrosis factor-α and insulin on equine digital blood vessel function in vitro. Inflamm Res 2014 Aug;63(8):637-47.
- Haritou SJ, Zylstra R, Ralli C, Turner S, Tortonese DJ. Seasonal changes in circadian peripheral plasma concentrations of melatonin, serotonin, dopamine and cortisol in aged horses with Cushing's disease under natural photoperiod. J Neuroendocrinol 2008 Aug;20(8):988-96.
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