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Home / Equine Research Bank / Parasit Vectors / Cyathostomine egg reappearance period following ivermectin t...
Parasites & vectors2018; 11(1); 61; doi: 10.1186/s13071-018-2638-6

Cyathostomine egg reappearance period following ivermectin treatment in a cohort of UK Thoroughbreds.

Abstract: In spite of the emergence of populations of drug-resistant cyathostomines worldwide, little is known of parasite species responsible for 'early egg shedding' in cohorts of horses subjected to treatment with widely used anthelmintics, e.g. ivermectin (IVM). In this study, we determined the cyathostomine egg reappearance period (ERP) after IVM treatment in a cohort of yearlings from a large Thoroughbred (TB) stud farm in the United Kingdom, and identified species of cyathostomines with reduced ERP using a combination of fundamental parasitology techniques coupled with advanced molecular tools. Individual faecal samples were collected from TB yearlings with cyathostomine infection prior to IVM treatment, as well as at 14, 21, 28, 35, 42 and 49 days post-treatment. Faecal egg counts (FEC) were performed for each individual sample for determination of ERPs. In addition, individual larval cultures were performed and representative numbers of third-stage larvae (L3s) harvested from each culture were subjected to molecular species identification via PCR-Reverse Line Blot (RLB). Prior to IVM treatment, 11 cyathostomine species were detected in faecal samples from TB horses enrolled in this study, i.e. Cyathostomum catinatum, Cylicostephanus longibursatus, Cylicostephanus goldi, Cylicocyclus nassatus, Cylicostephanus calicatus, Cyathostomum pateratum, Cylicocyclus radiatus, Paraposteriostomum mettami, Coronocyclus labratus, Cylicocyclus insigne and Cylicocyclus radiatus variant A. Of these, eggs of Cya. catinatum, Cys. longibursatus, Cyc. nassatus and Cyc. radiatus could be detected at 28 days post-treatment, while from day 42 onwards, cyathostomine species composition reflected data obtained pre-IVM treatment, with the exception of eggs of Cor. labratus and Cyc. insigne which could no longer be detected post-IVM administration. This study provides valuable data on the occurrence of IVM-resistance in cyathostomines in the UK. Nevertheless, further investigations are needed to shed light on the prevalence and incidence of drug-resistance in this country, as well as other areas of the world where equine trade is substantial.
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Publication Date: 2018-01-25 PubMed ID: 29370872PubMed Central: PMC5785887DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-2638-6Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The study investigates drug-resistant cyathostomines or small strongyles, a common equine internal parasite. The researchers observed the time it took for cyathostomine eggs to reappear in horse feces after treatment with ivermectin, an antiparasitic medication. The team identified which species of cyathostomines developed resistance to the drug.

Objective of the Study

  • The study was designed to understand the emergence of drug-resistant cyathostomines in horses. Cyathostomines are a group of parasitic worms that infect horses and are currently exhibiting resistance to commonly used antiparasitic drugs such as ivermectin.
  • The researchers aimed to determine the egg reappearance period (ERP), or the time it takes for cyathostomine eggs to reappear in the feces of horses after being treated with ivermectin. This would allow them to identify the species of cyathostomines displaying reduced ERP, implying resistance to the drug.

Methodology

  • Fecal samples were collected from Thoroughbred yearling horses with cyathostomine infection before and after treatment with ivermectin. The collection took place at different intervals: 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, and 49 days post-treatment. Researchers conducted faecal egg counts (FEC) for each sample to determine ERPs.
  • In addition, larval cultures for each individual sample were analyzed. Select numbers of third-stage larvae from each culture were used for molecular species identification via PCR-Reverse Line Blot (RLB).

Findings

  • Before treatment, 11 cyathostomine species were identified from the fecal samples of the studied horses.
  • Four species appeared to show resistance to medication, as their eggs could be detected 28 days after treatment.
  • By 42 days post-treatment, the cyathostomine species composition mirrored the pre-treatment data, except for two species whose eggs could no longer be detected after ivermectin administration, suggesting that they were susceptible to the drug treatment.

Conclusions

  • This study provides critical information on the existence of ivermectin-resistant cyathostomines in the UK.
  • However, more research is needed to understand the prevalence and incidence of drug resistance in the country and other regions of the world where horse trade is substantial.

Cite This Article

APA
Molena RA, Peachey LE, Di Cesare A, Traversa D, Cantacessi C. (2018). Cyathostomine egg reappearance period following ivermectin treatment in a cohort of UK Thoroughbreds. Parasit Vectors, 11(1), 61. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-018-2638-6

Publication

Parasites & vectors
ISSN: 1756-3305
NlmUniqueID: 101462774
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 11
Issue: 1
Pages: 61
PII: 61

Researcher Affiliations

Molena, Rebecca A
  • Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Peachey, Laura E
  • Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Di Cesare, Angela
  • Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Località Piano d'Accio, Teramo, Italy.
Traversa, Donato
  • Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Località Piano d'Accio, Teramo, Italy.
Cantacessi, Cinzia
  • Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. cc779@cam.ac.uk.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Anthelmintics / administration & dosage
  • Drug Resistance
  • Feces / parasitology
  • Horse Diseases / drug therapy
  • Horse Diseases / parasitology
  • Horses
  • Ivermectin / administration & dosage
  • Parasite Egg Count
  • Polymerase Chain Reaction
  • Recurrence
  • Strongylida Infections / drug therapy
  • Strongylida Infections / parasitology
  • Strongylida Infections / veterinary
  • Strongyloidea / classification
  • Strongyloidea / genetics
  • Strongyloidea / isolation & purification
  • Time Factors
  • United Kingdom

Conflict of Interest Statement

ETHICS APPROVAL AND CONSENT TO PARTICIPATE: This study was approved and carried out in strict accordance and compliance with the guidelines of the Institutional Ethical Review Committee, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK (Research Project No. CR190). Written informed consent was obtained from the stud farm from which study samples were collected. CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION: Not applicable. COMPETING INTERESTS: The authors declare that they have no competing interests. PUBLISHER’S NOTE: Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

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Citations

This article has been cited 7 times.
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