FREE SHIPPING over $40
OVER 9000 FIVE-STAR REVIEWS
5% OFF ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS
100% HAPPINESS GUARANTEE
Analyze Diet
0
Home / Equine Research Bank / Acta Vet Scand / D-dimer improves the prognostic value of combined clinical a...
Acta veterinaria Scandinavica1995; 36(2); 255-272; doi: 10.1186/BF03547694

D-dimer improves the prognostic value of combined clinical and laboratory data in equine gastrointestinal colic.

Abstract: The discriminating ability of 15 parameters alone or in combinations, including results from analysis of plasma endotoxin, the Nycomed plasma D-Dimer test and phospholipase A2, were analyzed to predict morbidity and mortality in equine gastrointestinal colic. Endotoxaemia was a characteristic feature of the colic horses. The problem of adequately predicting nonsurvivors among colic horses required several parameters to be included in the logistic model: if the "classical parameters", (heart rate, respiratory rate, PCV, anion gap) were included in the model, addition of plasma D-dimer, phospholipase A2, and Cl- significantly improved the predictive value of the logistic model. Increasing heart rate and D-dimer together with decreasing chloride was a risk factor for nonsurvival. The sensitivity of this three-parameter logistic model to predict nonsurvival was 78% and specificity 77%. The Nycomed D-Dimer test is recommended as a horse-site test to predict disseminated intravascular coagulation and nonsurvival in equine colic.
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 1995-01-01 PubMed ID: 7484552PubMed Central: PMC8095414DOI: 10.1186/BF03547694Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedInCopy
  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research article explores how the use of a specific test (the Nycomed D-Dimer test) along with monitoring certain health parameters can help predict the severity and possible fatal outcomes of gastrointestinal colic in horses.

Study Overview

  • The researchers investigated the prognostic ability of 15 different parameters individually and in combination, to foresee the severity and potential mortality in horses suffering from gastrointestinal colic. These parameters included results from the analysis of plasma endotoxin, the Nycomed plasma D-Dimer test, and levels of phospholipase A2.
  • The presence of endotoxemia, a condition where endotoxins are present in the blood, was a notable feature among the studied horses afflicted with colic.
  • The goal of the study was to adequately predict the horses that may not survive the colic condition. To do this, several parameters were integrated into a specific logistic model.

Key Findings

  • Four ‘classical parameters’ (heart rate, respiratory rate, packed cell volume, anion gap) were initially included in the logistic model.
  • The addition of plasma D-Dimer, phospholipase A2, and Chloride significantly improved the predictive value of the logistic model.
  • Heart rate and D-dimer levels increasing, together with decreased chloride levels, were identified as risk factors for non-survival among these horses.
  • This three-parameter logistic model had a sensitivity (ability to correctly identify actual positive cases) of 78% and specificity (ability to correctly identify actual negative cases) of 77% for predicting non-survival.

Conclusions and Recommendation

  • The Nycomed D-Dimer test was recommended for onsite testing to predict cases of disseminated intravascular coagulation (abnormal clotting of blood) and non-survival in equine colic.

In conclusion, the research made advancements in predicting the outcome of horses diagnosed with gastrointestinal colic. Their model, which includes the use of the Nycomed D-Dimer test and consideration of changing health parameters, enhances the ability of veterinarians to foresee possible fatal results.

Cite This Article

APA
Sandholm M, Vidovic A, Puotunen-Reinert A, Sankari S, Nyholm K, Rita H. (1995). D-dimer improves the prognostic value of combined clinical and laboratory data in equine gastrointestinal colic. Acta Vet Scand, 36(2), 255-272. https://doi.org/10.1186/BF03547694

Publication

Acta veterinaria Scandinavica
ISSN: 0044-605X
NlmUniqueID: 0370400
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 36
Issue: 2
Pages: 255-272

Researcher Affiliations

Sandholm, M
  • Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Helsinki, Finland.
Vidovic, A
    Puotunen-Reinert, A
      Sankari, S
        Nyholm, K
          Rita, H

            MeSH Terms

            • Animals
            • Biomarkers
            • Colic / blood
            • Colic / diagnosis
            • Colic / mortality
            • Colic / veterinary
            • Endotoxins / blood
            • Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products / analysis
            • Fibrinogen / analysis
            • Gastrointestinal Diseases / blood
            • Gastrointestinal Diseases / diagnosis
            • Gastrointestinal Diseases / mortality
            • Gastrointestinal Diseases / veterinary
            • Heart Rate
            • Horse Diseases / blood
            • Horse Diseases / diagnosis
            • Horse Diseases / mortality
            • Horses
            • Multivariate Analysis
            • Oxidoreductases / blood
            • Phospholipases A / blood
            • Phospholipases A2
            • Prognosis
            • Respiration
            • Retrospective Studies

            References

            This article includes 24 references
            1. Akira S, Taga T, Kishimoto T. Interleukin-6 in biology and medicine. Advances in Immunology 1993;54:1–78.
              doi: 10.1016/S0065-2776(08)60532-5pubmed: 8379461google scholar: lookup
            2. Aimer S, Franzen L, Olaison G, Smedh K, Strom M. Phospholipase A2 activity in colonic mucosa in patients with ulcerative colitis. Digestion 1991;50:135–141.
              doi: 10.1159/000200753pubmed: 1812040google scholar: lookup
            3. Crowl RM, Stoller TJ, Conroy RR, Stoner CR. Induction of phospholipase A2 gene expression in human hepatoma cells by mediators of the acute phase response. J.Biol.Chem. 1991;266:2647–2651.
              pubmed: 1846631
            4. Darien BJ, Potempa J, Moore JN, Travis J. Antithrombin III activity in horses with colic; an analysis of 46 cases. Equine vet. J. 1991;23:211–214.
              doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1991.tb02758.xpubmed: 1884704google scholar: lookup
            5. Gerlach U, Hiby W. Sorbitol dehydrogenase. Methods of Enzymatic Analysis 1974;2:569–573.
              doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-091302-2.50008-6google scholar: lookup
            6. Gogstad GO, Dale S, Brosstad F, Brandnes, Holt-lund J, Mörk E, Gärtner E, Borch SM. Assay of D-dimer based on immunofiltration and staining with gold colloids. Clin. Chem. 1993;39:2070–2076.
              doi: 10.1093/clinchem/39.10.2070pubmed: 8403392google scholar: lookup
            7. Gossett KA, Cleghorn B, Martin GS. Correlation between anion gap, blood lactate concentration and survival in horse. Equine vet. J. 1987;19:29–30.
              doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1987.tb02573.xpubmed: 3691457google scholar: lookup
            8. Johnston IB, Crane S. Haemostatic abnormalities in horses with colic - their prognostic value. Equine vet. J. 1986;18:271–274.
              doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1986.tb03624.xpubmed: 3758003google scholar: lookup
            9. King JN, Gerring EL. Detection of endotoxemia in cases of equine colic. Vet. Rec. 1988;123:269–271.
              doi: 10.1136/vr.123.10.269pubmed: 3188348google scholar: lookup
            10. Morris DD. Endotoxemia in horses. A review of cellular and humoral mediators involved in its pathogenesis. J. vet. int. Med. 1991;5:167–181.
              doi: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.1991.tb00944.xpubmed: 1920254google scholar: lookup
            11. Morris DD, Beech J. Disseminated intravascular coagulation in six horses. J. Amer. vet. med. Assoc. 1983;183:1067–1072.
              pubmed: 6643211
            12. Morris DD, Moore JN, Crowe N, Moldawer LL. Effect of experimentally induced endotoxemia on serum interleukin-6 activity in horses. Amer. J. vet. Res. 1992;53:753–756.
              pubmed: 1524301
            13. Orsini JA, Elser AH, Galligan DT, Donawick WJ, Kranfeld DS. Prognostic index for acute abdominal crisis (colic) in horses. Amer. J. vet. Res. 1988;49:1969–1971.
              pubmed: 3247920
            14. Orsini JA, Galligan DT, Reeves M. Determining a prognosis for equine abdominal crisis (colic). Equine practice 1991;13:9–14.
            15. Otamiri T, Tagesson C. Role of phospholipase A2 and oxygenated free radicals in mucosal damage after small intestinal ischemia and reperfusion. Amer. J. Surg. 1989;157:562–566.
              doi: 10.1016/0002-9610(89)90699-5pubmed: 2543228google scholar: lookup
            16. Parry BW, Anderson GA, Gay CC. Prognosis in equine colic: A comparative study of variables used to assess individual cases. Equine vet. J. 1983;15:211–215.
              doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1983.tb01768.xpubmed: 6884310google scholar: lookup
            17. Prasse KW, Tropper MJ, Moore JN, Welles EG. Analysis of haemostasis in horses with colic. J. Amer. vet. med. Assoc. 1993;203:685–693.
              pubmed: 8407538
            18. Puotunen-Reinert A. Study of variables commonly used in examination of equine colic cases to assess prognostic value. Equine vet. J. 1986;18:275–277.
              doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1986.tb03626.xpubmed: 3758004google scholar: lookup
            19. Puotunen-Reinert A, Sandholm M. Serum phospholipase A2 as a prognostic variable in equine colic. Proc. 2nd Equine Colic Research Symposium, Athens, Georgia 1985, 143–148.
            20. Reevers MJ, Curtis CR, Salman MD, Stashak TS, Reif JF. Validation of logistic regression models used in the assessment of prognosis and the need for surgery in equine colic. Prev. vet. Med. 1992;13:155–172.
              doi: 10.1016/0167-5877(92)90100-Tgoogle scholar: lookup
            21. Sobel JH, Thibodeau CA, Kolks MAG, Canfield RE. Isolation and partial structural characterization of an equine fibrinogen CNBr fragment that exhibits immunologic cross-reactivity with Aa chain cross-linking region of human fibrinogen. Biochemistry-Washington 1990;29:8907–8916.
              doi: 10.1021/bi00490a005pubmed: 2271566google scholar: lookup
            22. Waterman A. A review of the diagnosis and treatment of fluid and electrolyte disorders in the horse. Equine vet. J. 1977;9:43–48.
              doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1977.tb03975.xpubmed: 837903google scholar: lookup
            23. Wei L, Floren CH. Hyperlipidemic response to endotoxin - a part of the host-defence mechanism. Scand. J. infect. Dis. 1993;25:675–682.
              doi: 10.3109/00365549309008562pubmed: 8052806google scholar: lookup
            24. Wirth J. Dissertation. Germany: Ludwig-Maximilian University; 1986. Statistical investigation on 825 cases of equine colic at the Munich University Veterinary Clinic; p. 200.
            Subscribe to our newsletter
            Join 99,344 horse owners like you who receive our email updates on horse health and nutrition.