FREE SHIPPING over $40
OVER 10000 FIVE-STAR REVIEWS
5% OFF ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS
100% HAPPINESS GUARANTEE
Analyze Diet
0
Veterinary research communications2012; 37(1); 11-17; doi: 10.1007/s11259-012-9541-y

Daily variability of forced oscillometry parameters in horses suffering recurrent airway obstruction, a pilot study.

Abstract: The aim of the study was to analyse the day-to-day variability of the respiratory resistance (R(rs)) and the reactance (X(rs)) in 5 horses in a status of remission of recurrent airway obstruction by forced oscillometry system (FOS). Furthermore, the effects of stabling, outdoor and room temperature and humidity on these parameters were determined. Mean R(rs) at oscillation frequencies 1, 1.5, 2 and 3 Hz were all significantly higher in the morning than in the afternoon, while X(rs) was not significantly affected by time of the day. R(rs) was significantly different on various sampling days at all frequencies, in the morning as well as in the afternoon. X(rs) showed the same significant differences for frequencies greater than 1 Hz. Overall, R(rs) showed a smaller variability than X(rs). Neither outdoor temperature, nor room temperature affected R(rs). This also applied to X(rs) except for the measurements at 2 Hz that were significantly (p = 0.044) affected by outdoor temperature. Turning out these horses at paddock for day and night caused a significant lower mean R(rs) that when kept at stable for all night. While R(rs) showed a very weak positive frequency dependency, X(rs) clearly showed a positive frequency dependence for all horses. Resonance frequency (f(res)) was between 2 and 4 Hz. These studies showed that FOS generated parameters are affected by environmental and management factors and thus only after well-designed standardized procedures FOS could be a useful diagnostic tool for the diagnosis and monitoring of equine respiratory disorders.
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 2012-10-12 PubMed ID: 23065455DOI: 10.1007/s11259-012-9541-yGoogle Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedInCopy
  • Evaluation Study
  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research aimed to explore the daily changes in respiratory resistance (R(rs)) and reactance (X(rs)) in horses with a history of airway obstruction, using a system known as a forced oscillometry system (FOS). The study also investigated the impacts of factors such as stabling, outdoor conditions, and temperature on these measurements.

Research Objectives and Study Design

  • The goal of the study was to evaluate changes in two lung function parameters, resistance and reactance, and how they were influenced by different environmental conditions and horse management methods. The researchers used a testing procedure—known as forced oscillometry system, or FOS—that measures airway obstruction in horses undergoing treatment.
  • FOS measures were conducted on five horses that had previously exhibited recurrent airway obstruction but were currently in a state of remission. The measurements were taken at various times of the day and across multiple days to explore the daily and day-to-day variability of these parameters.

Findings

  • The mean resistance at oscillation frequencies of 1, 1.5, 2, and 3 Hertz (Hz) were found to be significantly higher in the morning than in the afternoon, whereas reactance was not significantly altered by the time of day.
  • Both resistance and reactance varied significantly across different days of the experiment, both in the mornings and afternoons. Reactance showed significant variability for frequencies greater than 1 Hz.
  • In total, resistance displayed less variability than reactance.
  • Neither outdoor temperature nor room temperature had an impact on resistance, and only the reactance measurements at 2 Hz were found to be significantly affected by outdoor temperature.
  • Allowing the horses to roam in the paddock day and night resulted in significantly lower mean resistance than when the horses were stabled all night.
  • Reactance exhibited a positive frequency dependence for all horses, meaning it increased with frequency, whereas resistance showed only a weak positive frequency dependency.

Implications and Conclusions

  • These findings suggest that the parameters generated by FOS—resistance and reactance—are affected by environmental conditions and management practises, implying that any usage of FOS as a diagnostic tool for respiratory disorders in horses would require carefully designed standard procedures for reliable and consistent results.
  • The observed variability of these parameters across different times of day and different days underlines the importance of maintaining consistent environmental and care conditions during measurement.

Cite This Article

APA
Onmaz AC, Stoklas-Schmidt C, van den Hoven R. (2012). Daily variability of forced oscillometry parameters in horses suffering recurrent airway obstruction, a pilot study. Vet Res Commun, 37(1), 11-17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11259-012-9541-y

Publication

Veterinary research communications
ISSN: 1573-7446
NlmUniqueID: 8100520
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 37
Issue: 1
Pages: 11-17

Researcher Affiliations

Onmaz, Ali Cesur
  • Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Erciyes, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey. aconmaz@erciyes.edu.tr
Stoklas-Schmidt, Christina
    van den Hoven, René

      MeSH Terms

      • Airway Obstruction / diagnosis
      • Airway Obstruction / veterinary
      • Airway Resistance
      • Animals
      • Circadian Rhythm
      • Female
      • Horse Diseases / diagnosis
      • Horses
      • Humidity
      • Male
      • Oscillometry / methods
      • Oscillometry / veterinary
      • Pilot Projects
      • Respiratory Function Tests / methods
      • Respiratory Function Tests / veterinary
      • Sensitivity and Specificity
      • Temperature
      • Time Factors

      References

      This article includes 28 references
      1. Hoffman AM, Mazan MR, Ellenberg S. Association between bronchoalveolar lavage cytologic features and airway reactivity in horses with a history of exercise intolerance.. Am J Vet Res 1998 Feb;59(2):176-81.
        pubmed: 9492932
      2. Reinhold P, Smith HJ, Langenberg A, Lekeux P. Measurement of respiratory impedance in healthy calves using the impulse oscillation technique--physiological and methodological aspects.. Vet J 1998 Jan;155(1):27-38.
        pubmed: 9455157doi: 10.1016/s1090-0233(98)80032-4google scholar: lookup
      3. Klein C, Reinhold P. Analysis of respiratory mechanics by impulse oscillometry in non-sedated and diazepam-sedated swine.. Res Vet Sci 2001 Jun;70(3):181-9.
        pubmed: 11676613doi: 10.1053/rvsc.2001.0458google scholar: lookup
      4. Robinson NE, Olszewski MA, Boehler D, Berney C, Hakala J, Matson C, Derksen FJ. Relationship between clinical signs and lung function in horses with recurrent airway obstruction (heaves) during a bronchodilator trial.. Equine Vet J 2000 Sep;32(5):393-400.
        pubmed: 11037260doi: 10.2746/042516400777591147google scholar: lookup
      5. Tesarowski DB, Viel L, McDonell WN. Pulmonary function measurements during repeated environmental challenge of horses with recurrent airway obstruction (heaves).. Am J Vet Res 1996 Aug;57(8):1214-9.
        pubmed: 8836377
      6. Lavoie JP, Pascoe JR, Kurpershoek CJ. Effect of head and neck position on respiratory mechanics in horses sedated with xylazine.. Am J Vet Res 1992 Sep;53(9):1652-7.
        pubmed: 1416371
      7. Hoffman A, Kuehn H, Riedelberger K, Kupcinskas R, Miskovic MB. Flowmetric comparison of respiratory inductance plethysmography and pneumotachography in horses.. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2001 Dec;91(6):2767-75.
        pubmed: 11717245doi: 10.1152/jappl.2001.91.6.2767google scholar: lookup
      8. Pasker HG, Schepers R, Clément J, Van de Woestijne KP. Total respiratory impedance measured by means of the forced oscillation technique in subjects with and without respiratory complaints.. Eur Respir J 1996 Jan;9(1):131-9.
        pubmed: 8834346doi: 10.1183/09031936.96.09010132google scholar: lookup
      9. Art T, Lekeux P. Training-induced modifications in cardiorespiratory and ventilatory measurements in thoroughbred horses.. Equine Vet J 1993 Nov;25(6):532-6.
        pubmed: 8276002doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1993.tb03008.xgoogle scholar: lookup
      10. Làndsér FJ, Clément J, Van de Woestijne KP. Normal values of total respiratory resistance and reactance determined by forced oscillations: influence of smoking.. Chest 1982 May;81(5):586-91.
        pubmed: 7075278doi: 10.1378/chest.81.5.586google scholar: lookup
      11. Winkler J, Hagert-Winkler A, Wirtz H, Hoheisel G. [Modern impulse oscillometry in the spectrum of pulmonary function testing methods].. Pneumologie 2009 Aug;63(8):461-9.
        pubmed: 19670105doi: 10.1055/s-0029-1214938google scholar: lookup
      12. Desager KN, Buhr W, Willemen M, van Bever HP, de Backer W, Vermeire PA, Lándsér FJ. Measurement of total respiratory impedance in infants by the forced oscillation technique.. J Appl Physiol (1985) 1991 Aug;71(2):770-6.
        pubmed: 1938751doi: 10.1152/jappl.1991.71.2.770google scholar: lookup
      13. Oostveen E, MacLeod D, Lorino H, Farré R, Hantos Z, Desager K, Marchal F. The forced oscillation technique in clinical practice: methodology, recommendations and future developments.. Eur Respir J 2003 Dec;22(6):1026-41.
        pubmed: 14680096doi: 10.1183/09031936.03.00089403google scholar: lookup
      14. Stadler P, Deegen E. Diurnal variation of dynamic compliance, resistance and viscous work of breathing in normal horses and horses with lung disorders.. Equine Vet J 1986 May;18(3):171-8.
        pubmed: 3732235doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1986.tb03587.xgoogle scholar: lookup
      15. Mazan MR, Hoffman AM, Manjerovic N. Comparison of forced oscillation with the conventional method for histamine bronchoprovocation testing in horses.. Am J Vet Res 1999 Feb;60(2):174-80.
        pubmed: 10048547
      16. Robinson NE. International Workshop on Equine Chronic Airway Disease. Michigan State University 16-18 June 2000.. Equine Vet J 2001 Jan;33(1):5-19.
        pubmed: 11191611doi: 10.2746/042516401776767412google scholar: lookup
      17. Richard EA, Fortier GD, Denoix JM, Art T, Lekeux PM, Van Erck E. Influence of subclinical inflammatory airway disease on equine respiratory function evaluated by impulse oscillometry.. Equine Vet J 2009 Apr;41(4):384-9.
        pubmed: 19562901doi: 10.2746/042516409x366121google scholar: lookup
      18. Klein C, Smith HJ, Reinhold P. The use of impulse oscillometry for separate analysis of inspiratory and expiratory impedance parameters in horses: effects of sedation with xylazine.. Res Vet Sci 2006 Apr;80(2):201-8.
        pubmed: 16098552doi: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2005.06.005google scholar: lookup
      19. Derksen FJ, Robinson NE. Esophageal and intrapleural pressures in the healthy conscious pony.. Am J Vet Res 1980 Nov;41(11):1756-61.
        pubmed: 7212405
      20. Van Erck E, Votion D, Art T, Lekeux P. Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of equine respiratory mechanics by impulse oscillometry.. Equine Vet J 2006 Jan;38(1):52-8.
        pubmed: 16411587doi: 10.2746/042516406775374252google scholar: lookup
      21. Young SS, Hall LW. A rapid, non-invasive method for measuring total respiratory impedance in the horse.. Equine Vet J 1989 Mar;21(2):99-105.
        pubmed: 2707240doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1989.tb02106.xgoogle scholar: lookup
      22. Young SS, Tesarowski D. Respiratory mechanics of horses measured by conventional and forced oscillation techniques.. J Appl Physiol (1985) 1994 Jun;76(6):2467-72.
        pubmed: 7928872doi: 10.1152/jappl.1994.76.6.2467google scholar: lookup
      23. van Erck E, Votion DM, Kirschvink N, Art T, Lekeux P. Use of the impulse oscillometry system for testing pulmonary function during methacholine bronchoprovocation in horses.. Am J Vet Res 2003 Nov;64(11):1414-20.
        pubmed: 14620779doi: 10.2460/ajvr.2003.64.1414google scholar: lookup
      24. Jean D, Vrins A, Lavoie JP. Monthly, daily, and circadian variations of measurements of pulmonary mechanics in horses with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.. Am J Vet Res 1999 Nov;60(11):1341-6.
        pubmed: 10566805
      25. van Erck E, Votion D, Art T, Lekeux P. Measurement of respiratory function by impulse oscillometry in horses.. Equine Vet J 2004 Jan;36(1):21-8.
        pubmed: 14756367doi: 10.2746/0425164044864714google scholar: lookup
      26. MacLeod D, Birch M. Respiratory input impedance measurement: forced oscillation methods.. Med Biol Eng Comput 2001 Sep;39(5):505-16.
        pubmed: 11712646doi: 10.1007/BF02345140google scholar: lookup
      27. Roberts CA, Marlin DJ, Lekeux P. The effects of training on ventilation and blood gases in exercising thoroughbreds.. Equine Vet J Suppl 1999 Jul;(30):57-61.
        pubmed: 10659223doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1999.tb05189.xgoogle scholar: lookup
      28. Young SS, Tesarowski D, Viel L. Frequency dependence of forced oscillatory respiratory mechanics in horses with heaves.. J Appl Physiol (1985) 1997 Mar;82(3):983-7.
        pubmed: 9074991doi: 10.1152/jappl.1997.82.3.983google scholar: lookup

      Citations

      This article has been cited 1 times.
      1. Lo Feudo CM, Ferrucci F, Bizzotto D, Dellacà R, Lavoie JP, Stucchi L. Differences in pulmonary function measured by oscillometry between horses with mild-moderate equine asthma and healthy controls. Equine Vet J 2025 May;57(3):619-628.
        doi: 10.1111/evj.14206pubmed: 39134475google scholar: lookup
      Subscribe to our newsletter
      Join 99,850 horse owners like you who receive our email updates on horse health and nutrition.