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BMC genomics2015; 16; 934; doi: 10.1186/s12864-015-2139-3

Deep sequencing of the uterine immune response to bacteria during the equine oestrous cycle.

Abstract: The steroid hormone environment in healthy horses seems to have a significant impact on the efficiency of their uterine immune response. The objective of this study was to characterize the changes in gene expression in the equine endometrium in response to the introduction of bacterial pathogens and the influence of steroid hormone concentrations on this expression. Methods: Endometrial biopsies were collected from five horses before and 3 h after the inoculation of Escherichia coli once in oestrus (follicle >35 mm in diameter) and once in dioestrus (5 days after ovulation) and analysed using high-throughput RNA sequencing techniques (RNA-Seq). Results: Comparison between time points revealed that 2422 genes were expressed at significantly higher levels and 2191 genes at significantly lower levels 3 h post inoculation in oestrus in comparison to pre-inoculation levels. In dioestrus, the expression of 1476 genes was up-regulated and 383 genes were down-regulated post inoculation. Many immune related genes were found to be up-regulated after the introduction of E. coli. These include pathogen recognition receptors, particularly toll-like receptors TLR2 and 4 and NOD-like receptor NLRC5. In addition, several interleukins including IL1B, IL6, IL8 and IL1ra were significantly up-regulated. Genes for chemokines, including CCL 2, CXCL 6, 9, 10, 11 and 16 and those for antimicrobial peptides, including secretory phospholipase sPLA 2, lipocalin 2, lysozyme and equine β-defensin 1, as well as the gene for tissue inhibitor for metalloproteinases TIMP-1 were also up-regulated post inoculation. Conclusions: The results of this study emphasize the complexity of an effective uterine immune response during acute endometritis and the tight balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory factors required for efficient elimination of bacteria. It is one of the first high-throughput analyses of the uterine inflammatory response in any species and several new potential targets for treatment of inflammatory diseases of the equine uterus have been identified.
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Publication Date: 2015-11-14 PubMed ID: 26572250PubMed Central: PMC4647707DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-2139-3Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research study focused on identifying the changes in gene expression in a horse’s uterus when exposed to bacterial pathogens, and how the presence of different concentrations of steroid hormones influences this gene expression.

Methodology

  • The research team conducted endometrial biopsies on five horses both pre and post-inoculation with Escherichia coli, also known as E. coli. This occurred once during oestrus (when the horse’s follicle was larger than 35mm in diameter) and once during dioestrus (which was five days after ovulation).
  • The researchers used high-throughput RNA sequencing techniques (RNA-Seq) to assess the gene expression changes that occurred following the introduction of bacterial pathogens.

Results

  • The study found that in oestrus, 2422 genes were expressed at significantly higher levels and 2191 genes at significantly lower levels 3 hours after the inoculation with E.coli, when compared to the pre-inoculation levels.
  • During dioestrus, 1476 genes showed increased expression post-inoculation, while the expression of 383 genes was down-regulated.
  • Several immune-related genes, including TLR2 and 4, NOD-like receptor NLRC5 and a variety of interleukins, became more active after exposure to E.coli.
  • Genes associated with chemokines and antimicrobial peptides, including secretory phospholipase sPLA 2, lipocalin 2, lysozyme and equine β-defensin 1, as well as the gene for the tissue inhibitor TIMP-1, were also more active post inoculation.

Conclusions

  • The findings highlight the complexity of the uterine immune response in the face of acute endometritis and the delicate balance required between pro- and anti-inflammatory factors for efficient bacterial elimination.
  • This study is pioneering in its high-throughput examination of the uterine inflammatory response across species, and it has helped identify new potential targets in the treatment of inflammatory diseases of the equine uterus.

Cite This Article

APA
Marth CD, Young ND, Glenton LY, Noden DM, Browning GF, Krekeler N. (2015). Deep sequencing of the uterine immune response to bacteria during the equine oestrous cycle. BMC Genomics, 16, 934. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-015-2139-3

Publication

BMC genomics
ISSN: 1471-2164
NlmUniqueID: 100965258
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 16
Pages: 934
PII: 934

Researcher Affiliations

Marth, Christina D
  • Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, 250 Princes Highway, Werribee, VIC, 3030, Australia. christina.marth@unimelb.edu.au.
Young, Neil D
  • Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, 250 Princes Highway, Werribee, VIC, 3030, Australia. nyoung@unimelb.edu.au.
Glenton, Lisa Y
  • Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, 250 Princes Highway, Werribee, VIC, 3030, Australia. l.glenton@student.unimelb.edu.au.
Noden, Drew M
  • Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853-6401, USA. drewnoden@gmail.com.
Browning, Glenn F
  • Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, 250 Princes Highway, Werribee, VIC, 3030, Australia. glenfb@unimelb.edu.au.
Krekeler, Natali
  • Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, 250 Princes Highway, Werribee, VIC, 3030, Australia. krekeler@unimelb.edu.au.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides / genetics
  • Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides / metabolism
  • Chemokines / genetics
  • Chemokines / metabolism
  • Cytokines / genetics
  • Cytokines / metabolism
  • Endometritis / immunology
  • Endometritis / microbiology
  • Endometritis / veterinary
  • Endometrium / immunology
  • Endometrium / metabolism
  • Escherichia coli Infections / immunology
  • Escherichia coli Infections / veterinary
  • Estrous Cycle / genetics
  • Female
  • Gene Expression
  • Gonadal Steroid Hormones
  • High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing
  • Horse Diseases / genetics
  • Horse Diseases / immunology
  • Horse Diseases / microbiology
  • Horses
  • Matrix Metalloproteinases / genetics
  • Matrix Metalloproteinases / metabolism

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