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Home / Equine Research Bank / PLoS One / Detection of Coxiella burnetii and equine herpesvi...
PloS one2020; 15(5); e0233100; doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233100

Detection of Coxiella burnetii and equine herpesvirus 1, but not Leptospira spp. or Toxoplasma gondii, in cases of equine abortion in Australia – a 25 year retrospective study.

Abstract: Equine abortion is a cause of severe economic loss to the equine industry. Equine herpesvirus 1 is considered a primary cause of infectious abortion in horses, however other infectious agents can also cause abortion. Abortions due to zoonotic pathogens have implications for both human and animal health. We determined the prevalence of Coxiella burnetii, Leptospira spp. and Toxoplasma gondii in 600 aborted equine foetal tissues that were submitted to our diagnostic laboratories at the University of Melbourne from 1994 to 2019. Using qPCR we found that the prevalence of C. burnetii was 4%. The highest annual incidence of C. burnetii was observed between 1997-2003 and 2016-2018. The prevalence of C. burnetii in Victoria and New South Wales was 3% and 6% respectively. All the samples tested negative for Leptospira spp. and Toxoplasma gondii DNA. Equine herpesvirus 1 DNA was detected at a prevalence of 3%. This study has provided evidence for the presence of C. burnetii in equine aborted foetal tissues in Australia, but the role of C. burnetii as potential cause of abortion in Australia requires further investigation. C. burnetii is a zoonotic disease agent that causes the disease 'Q fever' in humans. We recommend that appropriate protective measures should be considered when handling material associated with equine abortions to reduce the risk of becoming infected with C. burnetii.
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Publication Date: 2020-05-26 PubMed ID: 32453753PubMed Central: PMC7250447DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233100Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article discusses the study conducted over 25 years to determine the prevalence of infectious agents, such as Coxiella burnetii and equine herpesvirus 1, which can cause abortion in horses. The specific infectious agents selected for the study are those that could pose a health risk to humans and animals.

Research Objectives and Methods

  • The main objective of this research was to ascertain the presence of infectious agents Coxiella burnetii, Leptospira spp., and Toxoplasma gondii in aborted equine foetal tissues over a period of 25 years. The study targeted these specific agents due to their potential to cause zoonotic diseases, i.e., diseases that can be transmitted from animals to humans.
  • The research was conducted at the University of Melbourne and it involved the analysis of 600 aborted foetal tissues collected from 1994 to 2019. A quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) testing method was used to identify the presence of the infectious agents.

Findings

  • The study found a prevalence rate of 4% for Coxiella burnetii, a bacteria known to cause ‘Q fever’ in humans.
  • There were specific peaks in the annual incidence of C. burnetii infection in the years between 1997-2003 and 2016-2018. The prevalence was 3% in Victoria and 6% in New South Wales.
  • Despite being recognized as a primary cause of infectious abortion in horses, the prevalence of equine herpesvirus 1 was found to be slightly lower than that of C. burnetii, at 3%.
  • All the tested samples recorded negative results for Leptospira spp. and Toxoplasma gondii DNA.

Conclusions and Recommendations

  • This study provided evidence of the presence of C. burnetii in equine aborted foetal tissues in Australia.
  • However, the exact role of C. burnetii as a potential cause of abortion in horses in Australia still needs to be further investigated, as this research doesn’t fully confirm this association.
  • Due to the zoonotic nature of C. burnetii, people handling material related to equine abortions in Australia are advised to take necessary protective measures to avoid the risk of getting infected with this bacteria.

Cite This Article

APA
Akter R, Legione A, Sansom FM, El-Hage CM, Hartley CA, Gilkerson JR, Devlin JM. (2020). Detection of Coxiella burnetii and equine herpesvirus 1, but not Leptospira spp. or Toxoplasma gondii, in cases of equine abortion in Australia – a 25 year retrospective study. PLoS One, 15(5), e0233100. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0233100

Publication

PloS one
ISSN: 1932-6203
NlmUniqueID: 101285081
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 15
Issue: 5
Pages: e0233100
PII: e0233100

Researcher Affiliations

Akter, Rumana
  • The Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
  • Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
Legione, Alistair
  • The Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
Sansom, Fiona M
  • The Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
El-Hage, Charles M
  • The Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
Hartley, Carol A
  • The Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
Gilkerson, James R
  • The Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
Devlin, Joanne M
  • The Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Coxiella burnetii / pathogenicity
  • Female
  • Herpesvirus 1, Equid / pathogenicity
  • Horses
  • Leptospira / pathogenicity
  • Open Reading Frames / genetics
  • Polymerase Chain Reaction
  • Pregnancy
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Toxoplasma / pathogenicity

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

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Citations

This article has been cited 6 times.
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