Determination of xanthines by high-performance liquid chromatography and thin-layer chromatography in horse urine after ingestion of Guaraná powder.

The research examines the xanthine content of guaraná powder, a commonly used tonic for horses in Brazil, and its detectability in horse urine through high-performance liquid chromatography and thin-layer chromatography methods.

Background

• The research has its basis in examining the properties of Guaraná powder. This powder, derived from the seeds of the Guaraná plant, is known for being rich in xanthines and is regularly used as a tonic for horses in Brazil.
• Xanthine, found in the Guaraná plant and other substances like coffee, tea, and chocolate, is a purine base that functions as a central nervous system stimulant in humans and animals.

Methods and Results

• The researchers performed two types of chromatography to study the powder: thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
• TLC was mainly used as a screening procedure, while HPLC was used for the quantification of the drugs in both the Guaraná powder and urine samples collected from the horses.
• The researchers found that the Guaraná powder contained 2.16 mg g-1 of theobromine (TB), 1.10 mg g-1 of theophylline (TP), and 36.78 mg g-1 of caffeine (CF).
• After administering the Guaraná powder to the horses, TB and TP were traceable in urine for up to 13 days. Similarly, CF was traceable for up to 9 days.

Implications

• This research provides critical information about the chemical properties of Guaraná powder and their effect on horses.
• It reveals how long xanthines (TB, TP, and CF) remain detectable in horse urine, thus providing important clues for doping control in horse racing or other equestrian sports.