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Home / Equine Research Bank / J Equine Sci / Differences in Muscle Fiber Recruitment Patterns between Con...
Journal of equine science2011; 21(4); 59-65; doi: 10.1294/jes.21.59

Differences in Muscle Fiber Recruitment Patterns between Continuous and Interval Exercises.

Abstract: We evaluated differences in muscle fiber recruitment patterns between continuous and interval training to develop an optimal training program for Thoroughbred horses. Five well trained female thoroughbred horses (3-4 years old) were used. The horses performed two different exercises on a 10% inclined treadmill: 90%VO2 max for 4 min (continuous) and 90% VO2 max for 2 min × 2 times with 10-min interval (interval). Muscle samples were obtained from the middle gluteal muscle before and immediately after the exercises. Four muscle fiber types (type I, IIA, IIA/X, and IIX) were immunohistochemically identified, and the optical density of periodic acid Schiff staining (OD-PAS) in each fiber type and glycogen content of the muscle sample were determined by quantitative histochemical and biochemical procedures, respectively. No significant differences were found in the OD-PASs and glycogen contents between the continuous and interval exercises, but the decreases in OD-PAS of fast-twitch muscle fibers were obvious after interval as compared to continuous exercise. Interval exercise may be a more effective training stimulus for the glycolytic capacity of fast-twitch muscle fiber. The data about muscle fiber recruitment can provide significant insights into the optimal training program not only for thoroughbred horses, but also for human athletes.
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Publication Date: 2011-01-29 PubMed ID: 24833978PubMed Central: PMC4013969DOI: 10.1294/jes.21.59Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

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The research study explores how continuous and interval training influence the recruitment pattern of muscle fibers in Thoroughbred horses, and it reveals a potentially more effective approach to enhance fast-twitch muscle fiber’s glycolytic capacity using interval exercise routines.

Research Methodology

  • The study was performed on five well-trained female Thoroughbred horses aged between 3 and 4 years.
  • Two types of treadmill exercises were designed for these horses: one involving continuous training at 90% of their maximum oxygen consumption (VO2 max) for 4 minutes, and the other an interval training with the same intensity performed twice for 2 minutes each, separated by a 10-minute rest period.
  • Muscle samples were collected from the horses’ middle gluteal muscle both before and immediately after the exercises.

Identifying Muscle Fibers

  • The team identified four different types of muscle fibers (type I, IIA, IIA/X, and IIX) through immunohistochemical procedures.
  • The optical density of the periodic acid Schiff staining (OD-PAS) in each fiber type was measured, which is a significant marker of muscle glycogen concentration.
  • The total glycogen content of the muscle sample was also determined using quantitative histochemical and biochemical procedures.

Results and Discussion

  • The results showed no significant differences between continuous and interval exercises in terms of OD-PASs and glycogen content.
  • However, there was a notable decrease in the OD-PAS of fast-twitch muscle fibers after the interval exercise compared to the continuous one.
  • This suggested that interval exercise might be a more effective training trigger for improving the glycolytic capacity of fast-twitch muscle fibers.
  • The findings from this study can offer valuable insights into designing optimal training programs for Thoroughbred horses and could also be extrapolated to human athletes.

Cite This Article

APA
Yamano S, Kawai M, Minami Y, Hiraga A, Miyata H. (2011). Differences in Muscle Fiber Recruitment Patterns between Continuous and Interval Exercises. J Equine Sci, 21(4), 59-65. https://doi.org/10.1294/jes.21.59

Publication

Journal of equine science
ISSN: 1340-3516
NlmUniqueID: 9503751
Country: Japan
Language: English
Volume: 21
Issue: 4
Pages: 59-65

Researcher Affiliations

Yamano, Seiko
  • Science Research Center, Yamaguchi University, Japan.
Kawai, Minako
  • Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida 1677-1, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan.
Minami, Yoshio
  • Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida 1677-1, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan.
Hiraga, Atsushi
  • The Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, 321-4 Tokami-cho, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 320-0856, Japan.
Miyata, Hirofumi
  • Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida 1677-1, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan.

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Citations

This article has been cited 6 times.
  1. Busse NI, Gonzalez ML, Wagner AL, Johnson SE. Short Communication: Supplementation with calcium butyrate causes an increase in the percentage of oxidative fibers in equine gluteus medius muscle. J Anim Sci 2022 Aug 1;100(8).
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