FREE SHIPPING over $40
OVER 10000 FIVE-STAR REVIEWS
5% OFF ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS
100% HAPPINESS GUARANTEE
Analyze Diet
0
Equine veterinary journal2024; doi: 10.1111/evj.14206

Differences in pulmonary function measured by oscillometry between horses with mild-moderate equine asthma and healthy controls.

Abstract: The diagnosis of mild-moderate equine asthma (MEA) can be confirmed by airway endoscopy, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALf) cytology, and lung function evaluation by indirect pleural pressure measurement. Oscillometry is a promising pulmonary function test method, but its ability to detect subclinical airway obstruction has been questioned. Objective: To evaluate the differences in lung function measured by oscillometry between healthy and MEA-affected horses. Methods: Prospective case-control clinical study. Methods: Thirty-seven horses were divided into healthy and MEA groups, based on history and clinical score; the diagnosis of MEA was confirmed by airway endoscopy and BALf cytology. Horses underwent oscillometry at frequencies ranging from 2 to 6 Hz. Obtained parameters included whole-breath, inspiratory, expiratory, and the difference between inspiratory and expiratory resistance (Rrs) and reactance (Xrs). Differences between oscillometry parameters at different frequencies were evaluated within and between groups by repeated-measures two-way ANOVA and post hoc tests with Bonferroni correction. Frequency dependence was compared between groups by t test. For significant parameters, a receiver operating characteristics curve was designed, cut-off values were identified and their sensitivity and specificity were calculated. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: No significant differences in Xrs and Rrs were observed between groups. The frequency dependence of whole-breath and inspiratory Xrs significantly differed between healthy (respectively, -0.03 ± 0.02 and -0.05 ± 0.02 cmHO/L/s) and MEA (-0.1 ± 0.03 and -0.2 ± 0.02 cmHO/L/s) groups (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01). For inspiratory Xrs frequency dependence, a cut-off value of -0.06 cmHO/L/s was identified, with 86.4% (95% CI: 66.7%-95.3%) sensitivity and 66.7% (95% CI: 41.7%-84.8%) specificity. Conclusions: Sample size, no BALf cytology in some healthy horses. Conclusions: Oscillometry can represent a useful non-invasive tool for the diagnosis of MEA. Specifically, the evaluation of the frequency dependence of Xrs may be of special interest.
© 2024 The Author(s). Equine Veterinary Journal published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of EVJ Ltd.
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 2024-08-12 PubMed ID: 39134475DOI: 10.1111/evj.14206Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedInCopy
  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research paper investigates the effectiveness of oscillometry, a method of measuring lung function, in diagnosing mild-moderate equine asthma (MEA) in horses. The researchers found that the frequency dependence of Xrs, which is obtained through oscillometry, differs significantly between healthy horses and those with MEA.

Introduction and Objective

  • The report begins by recognising the potential of oscillometry as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for mild-moderate equine asthma (MEA).
  • The researchers aim to assess the discrepancies in pulmonary function values obtained through oscillometry between horses with MEA and healthy ones.

Methodology

  • A total of 37 horses were categorised into two groups; ones with MEA and healthy controls. The separation was based on history and clinical score. Subsequently, the diagnosis of MEA was reconfirmed using airway endoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALf) cytology.
  • All horses were subjected to oscillometry at various frequencies ranging from 2 to 6 Hz. Parameters including whole-breath, inspiratory, expiratory resistance (Rrs) and reactance (Xrs), and the difference between the inspiratory and expiratory values were obtained.
  • Differences between parameters at different frequencies were evaluated within and between the groups using repeated-measures two-way ANOVA and post hoc tests with Bonferroni correction. A comparison of frequency dependence between the groups was also carried out using a t-test.
  • Significant parameters were analysed using a receiver operating characteristics curve, from which cut-off values were identified and their sensitivity and specificity were calculated. The level for statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.

Results

No notable differences in Xrs and Rrs were observed between the two groups, but the frequency dependence of whole-breath and inspiratory Xrs significantly varied between them. For inspiratory Xrs frequency dependence, a cut-off value of -0.06 cmHO/L/s was identified, which exhibited 86.4% sensitivity and 66.7% specificity.

Conclusion

  • The researchers conclude that oscillometry is a helpful non-invasive tool for the diagnosis of MEA.
  • They highlight that the assessment of the frequency dependence of Xrs could be of particular interest.

Cite This Article

APA
(2024). Differences in pulmonary function measured by oscillometry between horses with mild-moderate equine asthma and healthy controls. Equine Vet J. https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.14206

Publication

Equine veterinary journal
ISSN: 2042-3306
NlmUniqueID: 0173320
Country: United States
Language: English

Researcher Affiliations

References

This article includes 43 references
  1. Couetil LL, Cardwell JM, Gerber V, Lavoie JP, Leguillette R, Richard EA. Inflammatory airway disease of horses – revised consensus statement.. J Vet Intern Med 2016;30:503–515.
  2. Couetil L, Cardwell JM, Leguillette R, Mazan M, Richard E, Bienzle D. Equine asthma: current understanding and future directions.. Front Vet Sci 2020;7:450.
  3. . Global strategy for asthma management and prevention – update 2023.. .
  4. Hoffman AM. Clinical application of pulmonary function testing in horses.. Equine respiratory diseases 2002.
  5. Couetil LL, Rosenthal FS, DeNicola DB, Chilcoat CD. Clinical signs, evaluation of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and assessment of pulmonary function in horses with inflammatory respiratory disease.. Am J Vet Res 2001;62:538–546.
  6. Young SS, Tesarowski D, Viel L. Frequency dependence of forced oscillatory respiratory mechanics in horses with heaves.. J Appl Physiol 1997;82:983–987.
  7. Hoffman AM, Mazan MR. Programme of lung function testing horses suspected with small airway disease.. Equine Vet Educ 1999;11:322–328.
  8. Couetil LL, Rosenthal FS, Simpson CM. Forced expiration: a test for airflow obstruction in horses.. J Appl Physiol 2000;88:1870–1879.
  9. Herholz CP, Gerber V, Tschudi P, Straub R, Imhof A, Busato A. Use of volumetric capnography to identify pulmonary dysfunction in horses with and without clinically apparent recurrent airway obstruction.. Am J Vet Res 2003;64:338–345.
  10. Herholz C, Straub R, Braendlin C, Imhof A, Luthi S, Busato A. Measurement of tidal breathing flow‐volume loop indices in horses used for different sporting purposes with and without recurrent airway obstruction.. Vet Rec 2003;152:288–292.
  11. Mazan MR, Deveney EF, DeWitt S, Bedenice D, Hoffman A. Energetic cost of breathing, body composition, and pulmonary function in horses with recurrent airway obstruction.. J Appl Physiol 2004;97:91–97.
  12. Van Erck E, Votion D, Art T, Lekeux P. Measurement of respiratory function by impulse oscillometry in horses.. Equine Vet J 2004;36:21–28.
  13. Pirrone F, Albertini M, Clement MG, Lafortuna CL. Respiratory mechanics in Standardbred horses with sub‐clinical inflammatory airway disease and poor athletic performance.. Vet J 2007;173:144–150.
  14. Herteman N, Mosing M, Waldmann AD, Gerber V, Schoster A. Exercise‐induced airflow changes in horses with asthma measured by electrical impedance tomography.. J Vet Intern Med 2021;35:2500–2510.
  15. Klein C, Smith HJ, Reinhold P. The use of impulse oscillometry for separate analysis of inspiratory and expiratory impedance parameters in horses: effects of sedation with xylazine.. Res Vet Sci 2006;80:201–208.
  16. Richard EA, Fortier GD, Denoix JM, Art T, Lekeux PM, Van Erck E. Influence of subclinical inflammatory airway disease on equine respiratory function evaluated by impulse oscillometry.. Equine Vet J 2009;41:384–389.
  17. Bizzotto D, Paganini S, Stucchi L, Palmisano Avallone M, Millares Ramirez E, Pompilio PP. A portable fan‐based device for evaluating lung function in horses by the forced oscillation technique.. Physiol Meas 2022;43:025001.
  18. Bujang MA, Adnan TH. Requirements for minimum sample size for sensitivity and specificity analysis.. J Clin Diagn Res 2016;10:YE01–YE06.
  19. Ivester KM, Couetil LL, Moore GE. An observational study of environmental exposures, airway cytology, and performance in racing thoroughbreds.. J Vet Intern Med 2018;32:1754–1762.
  20. Ramseyer A, Gaillard C, Burger D, Straub R, Jost U, Boog C. Effects of genetic and environmental factors on chronic lower airway disease in horses.. J Vet Intern Med 2007;21:149–156.
  21. Lavoie JP, Bullone M, Rodrigues N, Germim P, Albrecht B, vonSalis‐Soglio M. Effect of different doses of inhaled ciclesonide on lung function, clinical signs related to airflow limitation and serum cortisol levels in horses with experimentally induced mild to severe airway obstruction.. Equine Vet J 2019;51:779–786.
  22. Komarow HD, Myles IA, Uzzaman A, Metcalfe DD. Impulse oscillometry in the evaluation of diseases of the airways in children.. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2011;106:191–199.
  23. Abdo M, Kirsten AM, Von Mutius E, Kopp M, Hansen G, Rabe KF. Minimal clinically important difference for impulse oscillometry in adults with asthma.. Eur Respir J 2023;61:2201793.
  24. Lo Feudo CM, Stucchi L, Conturba B, Stancari G, Ferrucci F. Impact of lower airway inflammation on fitness parameters in Standardbred racehorses.. Animals 2022;12:3228.
  25. Gerber V, Straub R, Marti E, Hauptman J, Herholz C, King M. Endoscopic scoring of mucus quantity and quality: observer and horse variance and relationship to inflammation, mucus viscoelasticity and volume.. Equine Vet J 2004;36:576–582.
  26. Nahm FS. Receiver operating characteristic curve: overview and practical use for clinicians.. Korean J Anesthesiol 2022;75:25–36.
  27. Coffin M, Sukhatme S. Receiver operating characteristic studies and measurement errors.. Biometrics 1997;53:823–837.
  28. Dubois AB, Brody AW, Lewis DH, Burgess BF. Oscillation mechanics of lungs and chest in man.. J Appl Physiol 1956;8:587–594.
  29. Stucchi L, Ferrucci F, Bullone M, Dellacà RL, Lavoie JP. Within‐breath oscillatory mechanics in horses affected by severe equine asthma in exacerbation and in remission of the disease.. Animals 2022;12:4.
  30. Young SS, Hall LW. A rapid, non‐invasive method for measuring total respiratory impedance in the horse.. Equine Vet J 1989;21:99–105.
  31. Onmaz AC, Stoklas‐Schmidt C, Van den Hoven R. Daily variability of forced oscillometry parameters in horses suffering recurrent airway obstruction, a pilot study.. Vet Res Commun 2013;37:11–17.
  32. Kaminsky DA, Simpson SJ, Berger KI, Calverley P, De Melo PL, Dandurand R. Clinical significance and applications of oscillometry.. Eur Respir Rev 2022;31:210208.
  33. Bessonnat A, Helie P, Grimes C, Lavoie JP. Airway remodeling in horses with mild and moderate asthma.. J Vet Intern Med 2022;36:285–291.
  34. Dupuis‐Dowd F, Lavoie JP. Airway smooth muscle remodelling in mild and moderate equine asthma.. Equine Vet J 2022;54:865–874.
  35. Chan R, Duraikannu C, Thousseef MJ, Lipworth B. Impaired respiratory system resistance and reactance are associated with bronchial wall thickening in persistent asthma.. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2023;11:1459–1462.
  36. Setlakwe EL, Lemos KR, Lavoie‐Lamoureux A, Duguay JD, Lavoie JP. Airway collagen and elastic fiber content correlates with lung function in equine heaves.. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2014;307:L252–L260.
  37. Bullone M, Helie P, Joubert P, Lavoie JP. Development of a semiquantitative histological score for the diagnosis of heaves using endobronchial biopsy specimens in horse.. J Vet Intern Med 2016;30:1739–1746.
  38. Bullone M, Chevigny M, Allano M, Martin JG, Lavoie JP. Technical and physiological determinants of airway smooth muscle mass in endobronchial biopsy samples of asthmatic horses.. J Appl Physiol 2014;117:806–815.
  39. Bickel S, Popler J, Lesnick B, Eid N. Impulse oscillometry: interpretation and practical applications.. Chest 2014;146:841–847.
  40. Pedersen OF, Butler JP. Expiratory flow limitation.. Compar Physiol 2011;1:1861–1882.
  41. Van Erck E, Votion D, Art T, Lekeux P. Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of equine respiratory mechanics by impulse oscillometry.. Equine Vet J 2006;38:52–58.
  42. Bedenice D, Mazan MR, Hoffman AM. Association between cough and cytology of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and pulmonary function in horses diagnosed with inflammatory airway disease.. J Vet Intern Med 2008;22:1022–1028.
  43. Mainguy‐Seers S, Diaw M, Lavoie JP. Lung function variation during the estrus cycle of mares affected by severe asthma.. Animals 2022;12:494.

Citations

This article has been cited 0 times.
Subscribe to our newsletter
Join 99,850 horse owners like you who receive our email updates on horse health and nutrition.