Differences in quantitated electroencephalographic variables during surgical stimulation of horses anesthetized with isoflurane.
Abstract: The effects of noxious surgical stimulation on the electroencephalogram (EEG) in 15 horses anesthetized with isoflurane were evaluated during orthopedic (group 1) and soft tissue (group 2) procedures. The quantitative EEG variables theta/delta ratio (T/D), alpha/delta ratio (A/D), beta/delta ratio (B/D), median power frequency (MED), and 80% spectral edge frequency (SEF 80) recorded during Surgeries at 1.7% end-tidal concentration of isoflurane (ET(iso)) were compared with values from five nonstimulated control horses anesthetized at 1,7% ET(iso). The EEG variables T/D, A/D, MED, and SEF 80 from surgically stimulated horses were significantly higher compared with controls. These differences in measured EEG variables were accompanied by a significantly lower relative power in the delta frequency band and a concomitant significantly higher alpha activity. Because the A/D ratio, MED, and SEF 80 in surgically stimulated horses were significantly higher than in nonstimulated control horses these measured EEG variables may provide a valuable tool for identification of nociceptive transmission in isoflurane anesthetized horses.
Publication Date: 1996-05-01 PubMed ID: 9012111DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-950x.1996.tb01409.xGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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- Comparative Study
- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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This research studies the effects of surgical stimulation on the brain activity of horses anesthetized with isoflurane. It found significant differences in EEG variables between horses undergoing surgical procedures and unstimulated control horses, suggesting these variables could help identify pain transmission in horses under anesthesia.
Research Methodology
- The study observed 15 horses undergoing anesthesia with isoflurane during orthopedic and soft tissue procedures. These procedures are categorized into two groups.
- The changes in the horses’ EEG (Electroencephalogram) during these surgeries were recorded and analyzed. An EEG is a test that measures electrical activity in the brain.
- The EEG variables studied include theta/delta ratio (T/D), alpha/delta ratio (A/D), beta/delta ratio (B/D), median power frequency (MED), and 80% spectral edge frequency (SEF 80).
- The measurements made during surgery were then compared with EEG studies taken from five control horses that were also anesthetized but not subjected to surgical stimulation.
Research Findings
- Overall, the EEG activities (T/D, A/D, MED, and SEF 80 ratios) from horses undergoing surgery were significantly higher when compared to the control group. This suggests increased brain activity during surgical stimulation.
- The study also found a significant decrease in relative power in the delta frequency band in the surgically stimulated horses, along with increased alpha activity. The power distribution in various frequency bands of EEG provides information on the general state of the brain.
Implications of the Study
- The study suggests that measured EEG variables might be a valuable tool in identifying nociceptive (pain-related) transmission in horses anesthetized with isoflurane.
- The findings imply that there may be a need to adjust anesthetic management during surgical procedures to minimize any potential pain-related responses that could compromise the horse’s welfare and recovery.
Cite This Article
APA
Otto KA, Voight S, Piepenbrock S, Deegen E, Short CE.
(1996).
Differences in quantitated electroencephalographic variables during surgical stimulation of horses anesthetized with isoflurane.
Vet Surg, 25(3), 249-255.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-950x.1996.tb01409.x Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Abteilung Anästhesiologie II, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Germany.
MeSH Terms
- Anesthetics, Inhalation / administration & dosage
- Anesthetics, Inhalation / pharmacology
- Animals
- Arthroscopy / methods
- Arthroscopy / veterinary
- Brain / drug effects
- Brain / physiology
- Data Collection
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Electric Stimulation
- Electroencephalography / veterinary
- Female
- Horses / physiology
- Isoflurane / administration & dosage
- Isoflurane / pharmacology
- Male
- Reproducibility of Results
- Surgery, Veterinary
Citations
This article has been cited 3 times.- Tünsmeyer J, Hopster K, Kästner SB. Clinical Use of a Multivariate Electroencephalogram (Narcotrend) for Assessment of Anesthetic Depth in Horses during Isoflurane-Xylazine Anesthesia. Front Vet Sci 2016;3:25.
- Williams DC, Brosnan RJ, Fletcher DJ, Aleman M, Holliday TA, Tharp B, Kass PH, LeCouteur RA, Steffey EP. Qualitative and Quantitative Characteristics of the Electroencephalogram in Normal Horses during Administration of Inhaled Anesthesia. J Vet Intern Med 2016 Jan-Feb;30(1):289-303.
- Jang HS, Jang IS, Lee MG. The effects of tramadol on electroencephalographic spectral parameters and analgesia in rats. Korean J Physiol Pharmacol 2010 Jun;14(3):191-8.
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