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Differences in the vascular tree of the femoral trochlear growth cartilage at osteochondrosis-susceptible sites in foals revealed by SWI 3T MRI.
Abstract: Focal ischemic chondronecrosis of epiphyseal growth cartilage (EGC) during endochondral ossification is believed to be a key early event on the pathway to osteochondrosis (OC) in both animals and humans. The lateral ridge of the equine trochlea is a site where severe osteochondritis dissecans lesions frequently arise and is a model for the study of naturally occurring disease. Non-invasive imaging to investigate EGC vascularity may help elucidate why focal ischemia occurs. 3T MRI susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) of femoral trochlea of OC predisposed (n = 10) and control (n = 6) day-old foals, with minimal joint loading after birth, was performed. SWI and 3D images revealed the EGC vascular architecture without a contrast agent, and matched histologic observations. No vascular lesions were identified. There was no difference in the vascular density and architecture between control and OC specimens, but a striking difference in vascular pattern was seen at the OC-predilected site in the lateral ridge of the trochlea in all specimens, when compared to the medial ridge of the trochlea, where OC lesions are rarely observed. This site was less ossified with more perichondrial vessels not yet bridging with the subchondral bone. Furthermore, the mean vascular density of all specimens was significantly higher at this site. We speculate that joint morphology and focal internal trauma on this site with a unique vascular architecture may trigger ischemic events at this site. SWI permitted visualization of EGC in young foals with a clinical 3T MRI and paves the way for non-destructive longitudinal studies to improve understanding of OC in all species. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:1539-1546, 2016.
© 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Publication Date: 2016-01-21 PubMed ID: 26740060DOI: 10.1002/jor.23149Google Scholar: Lookup The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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This research investigates the potential of 3T MRI susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) to reveal different patterns of vascularization in the femoral trochlea of osteochondrosis (OC)-predisposed and control foals, with a particular focus on identifying features that might contribute to the development of OC.
Objective and Method
- The researchers focused on exploring why OC, a joint condition in animals and humans thought to originate from focal ischemic chondronecrosis of epiphyseal growth cartilage (EGC) during endochondral ossification, occurs at particular sites. They chose the lateral ridge of the equine trochlea, a common site for severe OC lesions, as their study area.
- The team performed 3T MRI susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) on the femoral trochlea of both OC-predisposed and control foals. This type of imaging allows insights into the EGC vascular architecture without the use of a contrast agent.
- The researchers collected data from 10 OC-predisposed foals and 6 control foals, each just a day old and with minimal joint loading after their birth.
Findings and Analysis
- Using SWI and 3D images, the scientists compared the EGC vascular structure as revealed by the imaging to histologic observations and found them to be congruent.
- They discovered no vascular lesions and no difference in vascular density and structure between the control and OC specimens. However, a notable difference in vascular pattern was observed at the OC-prone site in the lateral ridge of the trochlea compared to the medial ridge, an area where OC lesions are seldom found.
- This site appeared less ossified, and more perichondrial vessels were not yet bridging with the subchondral bone. Additionally, the mean vascular density at this site was significantly higher across all specimens.
Propositions and Future Implications
- The team speculated that the unique vascular architecture observed, along with joint morphology and potential internal trauma at this site, might be triggering ischemic events. These could serve as precursors leading to the development of OC at this site.
- The research demonstrates the utility of SWI with a clinical 3T MRI in visualizing EGC in young foals. This non-destructive longitudinal study approach enhances our understanding of osteochondrosis (OC) across species and represents a promising avenue for future research.
Cite This Article
APA
Martel G, Kiss S, Gilbert G, Anne-Archard N, Richard H, Moser T, Laverty S.
(2016).
Differences in the vascular tree of the femoral trochlear growth cartilage at osteochondrosis-susceptible sites in foals revealed by SWI 3T MRI.
J Orthop Res, 34(9), 1539-1546.
https://doi.org/10.1002/jor.23149 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Comparative Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Q, Canada.
- Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Hôpital Notre-Dame, Montréal, Q, Canada.
- MR Clinical Science, Philips Healthcare, Markham, Ontario, Canada.
- Comparative Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Q, Canada.
- Comparative Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Q, Canada.
- Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Hôpital Notre-Dame, Montréal, Q, Canada.
- Comparative Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Q, Canada.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Cartilage / blood supply
- Cartilage / diagnostic imaging
- Femur / blood supply
- Femur / diagnostic imaging
- Growth Plate / blood supply
- Growth Plate / diagnostic imaging
- Horses
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging / methods
- Osteochondritis Dissecans / etiology
- Osteochondrosis / etiology
Citations
This article has been cited 11 times.- Bitenc-Jasiejko A, Walińska A, Konior K, Gonta K, Skomro P, Kijak K, Kowacka M, Lietz-Kijak D. Characteristics of Pressure on the Apophysis in the Course of Paediatric Heel Pain-Preliminary Report. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023 Apr 5;20(7).
- Armstrong AR, Zbýň Š, Kajabi AW, Metzger GJ, Ellermann JM, Carlson CS, Tóth F. Naturally occurring osteochondrosis latens lesions identified by quantitative and morphological 10.5 T MRI in pigs. J Orthop Res 2023 Mar;41(3):663-673.
- Bonaspetti G, Dib G, Azzola F, Piovani A. What Do We Currently Know About Patellofemoral Osteochondritis Dissecans?. Cartilage 2022 Jan-Mar;13(1):19476035221075948.
- Rothschild BM, Wayne Lambert H. Distinguishing between congenital phenomena and traumatic experiences: Osteochondrosis versus osteochondritis. J Orthop 2021 Jan-Feb;23:185-190.
- Johnson CP, Wang L, Tóth F, Aruwajoye O, Kirkham B, Carlson CS, Kim HKW, Ellermann JM. Quantitative susceptibility mapping detects neovascularization of the epiphyseal cartilage after ischemic injury in a piglet model of legg-calvé-perthes disease. J Magn Reson Imaging 2019 Jul;50(1):106-113.
- Bruns J, Werner M, Habermann C. Osteochondritis Dissecans: Etiology, Pathology, and Imaging with a Special Focus on the Knee Joint. Cartilage 2018 Oct;9(4):346-362.
- Tóth F, David FH, LaFond E, Wang L, Ellermann JM, Carlson CS. In vivo visualization using MRI T(2) mapping of induced osteochondrosis and osteochondritis dissecans lesions in goats undergoing controlled exercise. J Orthop Res 2017 Apr;35(4):868-875.
- Bertuglia A, Pallante M, Pagliara E, Valle D, Bergamini L, Bollo E, Bullone M, Riccio B. Determinants of joint effusion in tarsocrural osteochondrosis of yearling Standardbred horses. Front Vet Sci 2024;11:1389798.
- Takahara M. Osteochondritis dissecans of the elbow: recent evolution of pathogenesis, imaging, and treatment modalities. JSES Int 2024 May;8(3):588-601.
- Konarski W, Poboży T, Konarska K, Derczyński M, Kotela I. Understanding Osteochondritis Dissecans: A Narrative Review of the Disease Commonly Affecting Children and Adolescents. Children (Basel) 2024 Apr 22;11(4).
- Tóth F, Nissi MJ, Armstrong AR, Buko EO, Johnson CP. Epiphyseal cartilage vascular architecture at the distal humeral osteochondritis dissecans predilection site in juvenile pigs. J Orthop Res 2024 Apr;42(4):737-744.
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