Differential blood flow changes between the future dominant and subordinate follicles precede diameter changes during follicle selection in mares.
Abstract: Diameter deviation during a follicular wave is characterized by the continued growth of the developing dominant follicle and reduced growth and regression of the subordinate follicles. This study considered the hypothesis that reduced blood flow in the future largest subordinate follicle precedes the beginning of diameter deviation. The hypothesis was tested by quantifying the daily changes in blood-flow velocities and blood-flow area within the wall of follicles before and during diameter deviation in mares (n = 7). The blood-flow end points were quantified daily by transrectal color Doppler ultrasonography. Follicles were identified retrospectively by rank as F1 (largest) and F2 according to the maximum attained diameter. Follicles were grouped into nine F1 diameter ranges of 3.0 mm each (equivalent to 1 day's growth) centered on 6.5, 9.5, 12.5, 15.5, 18.5, 21.5, 24.5, 27.5, and 30.5 mm. Diameter deviation began in the 24.5-mm group, as indicated by a smaller (P < 0.05) difference between F1 and F2 in the 24.5-mm group than in the 27.5-mm group. Based on a similar approach, peak systolic velocity and time-averaged maximum velocity of blood flow began to deviate between F1 and F2 in the 18.5-mm group (P < 0.04) and blood flow area began to deviate in the 21.5-mm group (P < 0.009). Thus, differential blood flow area between F1 and F2 began an average of 3.0 mm (equivalent to 1 day) and differential blood-flow velocities began an average of 6.0 mm before the beginning of diameter deviation. The results demonstrated that deviation between F1 and F2 in the blood flow of the follicle walls occurred 1 or 2 days before deviation in follicle diameter during follicle selection in mares.
Publication Date: 2004-04-07 PubMed ID: 15070831DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.104.027896Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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This research article focuses on a study done on mares, which examined the differences in blood flow between dominant and subordinate follicles during a follicular wave, suggesting that changes in blood flow precede measurable changes in diameter.
Summary of Research Methodology
- The study was conducted on seven mares.
- Follicles were identified and categorized as F1 (the largest) and F2, based on the maximum diameter they attained.
- They were then divided into nine groups based on 3.0 mm diameter ranges, centered on measurements from 6.5 mm to 30.5 mm.
- The researchers measured daily changes in blood flow velocities and blood-flow area within the wall of the follicles before and during the occurrence of diameter deviation.
- These endpoints were quantified daily using trans-rectal color Doppler ultrasonography.
Findings of the Study
- The study found that diameter deviation begins in the 24.5-mm group, as observed by a smaller difference between F1 and F2 in this group when compared to the 27.5-mm one.
- A notable difference in peak systolic velocity and time-averaged maximum velocity of blood flow between F1 and F2 started in the groups centered around 18.5 mm.
- Further, changes in the blood flow area started deviating from the center point of 21.5 mm.
- The results suggested that differential blood flow area behavior happens about a day, and 6.0 mm in diameter of the follicle, before diameter deviation could be noticed, and changes in blood-flow velocities began an average of two days prior to the start of diameter deviation.
Implications of the Study
- The research provided evidence that differences in blood flow in the follicle walls between F1 and F2 happen one to two days before any change in follicle diameter during the process of follicle selection in mares.
- This indicates that changes to blood flow within follicle walls may be an early indicator of follicle selection and potentially help forecast which follicle will grow to be dominant and which will be subordinate before visible size changes occur.
Cite This Article
APA
Acosta TJ, Gastal EL, Gastal MO, Beg MA, Ginther OJ.
(2004).
Differential blood flow changes between the future dominant and subordinate follicles precede diameter changes during follicle selection in mares.
Biol Reprod, 71(2), 502-507.
https://doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod.104.027896 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Eutheria Foundation, Cross Plains, WI 53528, USA.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Blood Flow Velocity / physiology
- Female
- Horses
- Ovarian Follicle / blood supply
- Ovarian Follicle / diagnostic imaging
- Ovarian Follicle / physiology
- Reproduction / physiology
- Ultrasonography, Doppler
Citations
This article has been cited 6 times.- Nwachukwu CU, Robinson RS, Woad KJ. Effect of insulin-like growth factor system on luteinising angiogenesis. Reprod Fertil 2023 Mar 1;4(2).
- Ortega-Ferrusola C, Gómez-Arrones V, Martín-Cano FE, Gil MC, Peña FJ, Gaitskell-Phillips G, Da Silva-Álvarez E. Advances in the ultrasound diagnosis in equine reproductive medicine: New approaches. Reprod Domest Anim 2022 Oct;57 Suppl 5(Suppl 5):34-44.
- Fellus-Alyagor L, Biton IE, Dafni H, Bochner F, Rotkopf R, Dekel N, Neeman M. Prediction of Ovarian Follicular Dominance by MRI Phenotyping of Hormonally Induced Vascular Remodeling. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021;8:711810.
- Galvão AM, Ferreira-Dias G, Skarzynski DJ. Cytokines and angiogenesis in the corpus luteum. Mediators Inflamm 2013;2013:420186.
- Martelli A, Palmerini MG, Russo V, Rinaldi C, Bernabò N, Di Giacinto O, Berardinelli P, Nottola SA, Macchiarelli G, Barboni B. Blood vessel remodeling in pig ovarian follicles during the periovulatory period: an immunohistochemistry and SEM-corrosion casting study. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2009 Jul 16;7:72.
- Ginther OJ, Gastal EL, Gastal MO, Bergfelt DR, Baerwald AR, Pierson RA. Comparative study of the dynamics of follicular waves in mares and women. Biol Reprod 2004 Oct;71(4):1195-201.
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