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Genes2017; 8(12); 383; doi: 10.3390/genes8120383

Differential Expression of Serum MicroRNAs Supports CD4⁺ T Cell Differentiation into Th2/Th17 Cells in Severe Equine Asthma.

Abstract: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate post-transcriptional gene expression and may be exported from cells via exosomes or in partnership with RNA-binding proteins. MiRNAs in body fluids can act in a hormone-like manner and play important roles in disease initiation and progression. Hence, miRNAs are promising candidates as biomarkers. To identify serum miRNA biomarkers in the equine model of asthma we investigated small RNA derived from the serum of 34 control and 37 asthmatic horses. These samples were used for next generation sequencing, novel miRNA identification and differential miRNA expression analysis. We identified 11 significantly differentially expressed miRNAs between case and control horses: eca-miR-128, eca-miR-744, eca-miR-197, eca-miR-103, eca-miR-107a, eca-miR-30d, eca-miR-140-3p, eca-miR-7, eca-miR-361-3p, eca-miR-148b-3p and eca-miR-215. Pathway enrichment using experimentally validated target genes of the human homologous miRNAs showed a significant enrichment in the regulation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (key player in airway remodeling in asthma) and the phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-triphosphate (PIP3) signaling pathway (modulator of CD4⁺ T cell maturation and function). Downregulated miR-128 and miR-744 supports a Th2/Th17 type immune response in severe equine asthma.
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Publication Date: 2017-12-12 PubMed ID: 29231896PubMed Central: PMC5748701DOI: 10.3390/genes8120383Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research studied the use of microRNAs (miRNAs) found in horse serum as potential biomarkers for severe equine asthma. Scientists found that 11 specific miRNAs were significantly differently expressed in asthmatic versus control horses, pointing to potential impacts on biological pathways related to airway remodeling and T cell maturation and function.

Overall Research Context

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. These molecules can be transported out of cells through exosomes or by associating with RNA-binding proteins.
  • miRNAs in fluids within the body can behave in a similar way to hormones and can have crucial roles in the start and progression of diseases. Therefore, miRNAs present promising potential as disease biomarkers.
  • The researchers’ goal was to identify specific miRNAs in horse serum that could serve as biomarkers for severe equine asthma.

Methodology

  • Researchers conducted next-generation sequencing on small RNA derived from serum of 34 control horses and 37 horses suffering from asthma to identify novel miRNAs and evaluate the differential expression of miRNAs.
  • Identified miRNAs sequences were then compared between asthmatic and non-asthmatic horses.

Findings

  • The researchers identified 11 miRNAs (eca-miR-128, eca-miR-744, etc.) that showed significant differential expression between the two groups of horses.
  • When the researchers examined pathway enrichment, using experimentally validated target genes of human equivalents of these miRNAs, they found a significant association with the regulation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, which is a key part of airway remodeling in asthma, and phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-triphosphate (PIP3) signaling, which modifies CD4⁺ T cell maturation and function.
  • They also noted that two specific miRNAs, miR-128 and miR-744, when downregulated, support a Th2/Th17 type immune response, which is typically present in severe equine asthma.

Implications

  • The differential expression of these 11 miRNAs could potentially be used as biomarkers for severe equine asthma.
  • This identify of these miRNAs and their roles in asthma provide new insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying severe asthma in horses, which could lead to new therapeutic strategies.

Cite This Article

APA
Pacholewska A, Kraft MF, Gerber V, Jagannathan V. (2017). Differential Expression of Serum MicroRNAs Supports CD4⁺ T Cell Differentiation into Th2/Th17 Cells in Severe Equine Asthma. Genes (Basel), 8(12), 383. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes8120383

Publication

Genes
ISSN: 2073-4425
NlmUniqueID: 101551097
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 8
Issue: 12
PII: 383

Researcher Affiliations

Pacholewska, Alicja
  • Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern and Agroscope, Länggassstrasse 124, 3012 Bern, Switzerland. alicja@rth.dk.
  • Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bremgartenstrasse 109A, 3012 Bern, Switzerland. alicja@rth.dk.
Kraft, Matthias F
  • Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern and Agroscope, Länggassstrasse 124, 3012 Bern, Switzerland. matthias.kraft@vetsuisse.unibe.ch.
  • Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bremgartenstrasse 109A, 3012 Bern, Switzerland. matthias.kraft@vetsuisse.unibe.ch.
Gerber, Vincent
  • Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern and Agroscope, Länggassstrasse 124, 3012 Bern, Switzerland. vinzenz.gerber@vetsuisse.unibe.ch.
Jagannathan, Vidhya
  • Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bremgartenstrasse 109A, 3012 Bern, Switzerland. vidhya.jagannathan@vetsuisse.unibe.ch.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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