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Recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) in horses is characterized by IFN-gamma and IL-8 production in bronchoalveolar lavage cells.
Abstract: In horses prone to developing recurrent airway obstruction (RAO), we tested the hypotheses that the cytokine profile in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells of affected horses would reflect a polarized Th-2 response; that cytokine and chemokine alterations would occur within 24 h of allergen exposure; and that allergen exposure would induce alterations in the expression of the transcription factor t-bet (t-box-expressed in T-cells). The expression levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-13, Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), t-bet, IL-8 and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) were measured in BAL cells obtained from control and RAO-susceptible horses during an asymptomatic phase and at 24 h and 5 weeks post-stabling and hay exposure. At each sampling time, BAL neutrophil percentages in the RAO-group exceeded controls. In the RAO-group, only IL-13 expression was decreased 2-fold during the asymptomatic phase. No differences in cytokine or chemokine expression were detected during the acute exposure phase. During the chronic phase, IFN-gamma and IL-8 expression levels were 2.5- and 3-fold greater, respectively, in the RAO-group. No other differences in gene expression were detected. We conclude that the cytokine profile of the airway cells does not reflect a polarized Th-2 response; that increases in IFN-gamma result from a t-bet independent pathway and that chemokines from epithelial or interstitial cells may contribute to early neutrophil influx.
Publication Date: 2003-10-03 PubMed ID: 14522137DOI: 10.1016/s0165-2427(03)00142-9Google Scholar: Lookup The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
- Research Support
- U.S. Gov't
- P.H.S.
Summary
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The research explores the immune response of horses subjected to recurrent airway obstruction (RAO), with specific focus on the production of immune proteins or cytokines in the lavage samples from the horses’ airways (bronchoalveolar lavage or BAL).
Study Hypotheses
- The researchers proposed that the cytokine profile in the BAL cells of horses with RAO will show a pronounced Th-2 response. The Th-2 response is a specific kind of immune response, often associated with allergies and asthma.
- They also hypothesized that cytokine and chemokine (proteins that attract immune cells to an infection site) alterations would occur within 24 hours of exposure to allergens.
- Another proposal was that allergen exposure would affect t-bet (t-box-expressed in T-cells) expression, a transcription factor related to immune responses.
Methodology & Findings
- The expression levels of various cytokines such as IL-4, IL-13, IFN-gamma, t-bet, IL-8, and GM-CSF were measured in BAL cells. These measurements were taken from both control and RAO-prone horses during three different phases: asymptomatic, 24 hours post-exposure, and 5 weeks post-exposure.
- Neutrophil (type of white blood cell) percentages in BAL were consistently higher in the RAO group at all three timepoints.
- During the asymptomatic phase, on the IL-13 expression was found to be decreased 2-fold in the RAO group.
- No differences in cytokine or chemokine expressions were observed during the 24-hour post-exposure phase.
- In the chronic phase, 5 weeks after exposure, the RAO group showed 2.5-fold and 3-fold increases in IFN-gamma and IL-8 expressions respectively.
- No other significant differences were found in the gene expression of the other cytokines.
Conclusions
- Contrary to their initial hypothesis, the researchers found that the cytokine profile in RAO affected horses did not reflect a polarized Th-2 response.
- In particular, the increase in IFN-gamma levels appears to follow a pathway not dependent on t-bet.
- The study also suggested that chemokines from epithelial or interstitial cells might be involved in early neutrophil influx.
Cite This Article
APA
Ainsworth DM, Gru00fcnig G, Matychak MB, Young J, Wagner B, Erb HN, Antczak DF.
(2003).
Recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) in horses is characterized by IFN-gamma and IL-8 production in bronchoalveolar lavage cells.
Vet Immunol Immunopathol, 96(1-2), 83-91.
https://doi.org/10.1016/s0165-2427(03)00142-9 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA. dma2@cornell.edu
MeSH Terms
- Allergens / immunology
- Animals
- Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / cytology
- Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / immunology
- Cytokines / biosynthesis
- Cytokines / immunology
- Female
- Horse Diseases / immunology
- Horses
- Interferon-gamma / biosynthesis
- Interferon-gamma / immunology
- Interleukin-8 / biosynthesis
- Interleukin-8 / immunology
- Male
- RNA, Messenger / biosynthesis
- RNA, Messenger / genetics
- Respiratory Function Tests / veterinary
- Respiratory Tract Diseases / immunology
- Respiratory Tract Diseases / veterinary
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / veterinary
- T-Box Domain Proteins
- Th2 Cells / immunology
- Transcription Factors / immunology
Citations
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