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Animals : an open access journal from MDPI2021; 11(2); 269; doi: 10.3390/ani11020269

Discriminant Canonical Analysis of the Contribution of Spanish and Arabian Purebred Horses to the Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Hispano-Arabian Horses.

Abstract: Genetic diversity and population structure were analyzed using the historical and current pedigree information of the Arabian (PRá), Spanish Purebred (PRE), and Hispano-Arabian (Há) horse breeds. Genetic diversity parameters were computed and a canonical discriminant analysis was used to determine the contributions of ancestor breeds to the genetic diversity of the Há horse. Pedigree records were available for 207,100 animals born between 1884 and 2019. Nei's distances and the equivalent subpopulations number indicated the existence of a highly structured, integrated population for the Há breed, which is more closely genetically related to PRá than PRE horses. An increase in the length of the generation interval might be an effective solution to reduce the increase in inbreeding found in the studied breeds (8.44%, 8.50%, and 2.89%, for PRá, PRE, and Há, respectively). Wright's fixation statistics indicated slight interherd inbreeding. Pedigree completeness suggested genetic parameters were highly reliable. High GCI levels found for number of founders and non-founders and their relationship to the evolution of inbreeding permit controlling potential deleterious negative effects from excessively frequent mating between interrelated individuals. For instance, the use of individuals presenting high GCI may balance founders' gene contributions and consequently preserve genetic diversity levels (current genetic diversity loss in PRá, PRE, and Há is 6%, 7%, and 4%, respectively).
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Publication Date: 2021-01-21 PubMed ID: 33494478PubMed Central: PMC7912545DOI: 10.3390/ani11020269Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The article investigates the genetic diversity and population structure of Hispano-Arabian horses, using pedigree data from Arabian and Spanish Purebred horses. It suggests preserving genetic diversity by increasing the generation interval and careful mating among interrelated horses.

Research Methodology

  • The research team relied on pedigree records for 207,100 horses born between 1884 and 2019. This historical and current data was for three breeds – Arabian (PRá), Spanish Purebred (PRE), and Hispano-Arabian (Há).
  • They used a statistical method, ‘Canonical Discriminant Analysis’, to understand the contributions of ancestor breeds, PRá and PRE, to the Há horse’s genetic diversity.
  • Various genetic diversity parameters were calculated. These included Nei’s distances (a measure of genetic distance between populations), the equivalent subpopulations number (a measure of population structure), among others.

Key Findings

  • Results show a highly structured, integrated population for the Hispano-Arabian breed. This breed was found to have a stronger genetic linkage to Arabian horses than Spanish Purebreds.
  • Significant inbreeding was detected in the studied breeds, evident from rates of 8.44%, 8.50%, and 2.89%, for Arabian, Spanish Purebred, and Hispano-Arabian horses, respectively.
  • However, there was only a slight interherd (within a single herd) inbreeding, as demonstrated by Wright’s fixation statistics, a measure of the genetic variability reduced by inbreeding.
  • Assessments of GCI (genetic contribution index) levels for founders and non-founders, linked with inbreeding trends, suggested control over the adverse effects of excessively frequent mating between closely related individuals. The use of high GCI individuals could counterbalance gene contributions from founders and, thus, maintain genetic diversity.

Implications

  • The minor loss of genetic diversity in these horse breeds (6% in Arabian, 7% in Spanish Purebred, and 4% in Hispano-Arabian) emphasizes the necessity for preserving genetic diversity.
  • To curb increasing inbreeding levels, extending the generation interval—a time period between an individual and its parents—could be a useful strategy.
  • Regulated mating practices with a focus on individuals presenting a high genetic contribution index could help preserve the genetic variation levels in these horse breeds.

Cite This Article

APA
Marín Navas C, Delgado Bermejo JV, McLean AK, León Jurado JM, Torres ARBYR, Navas González FJ. (2021). Discriminant Canonical Analysis of the Contribution of Spanish and Arabian Purebred Horses to the Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Hispano-Arabian Horses. Animals (Basel), 11(2), 269. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11020269

Publication

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
ISSN: 2076-2615
NlmUniqueID: 101635614
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 11
Issue: 2
PII: 269

Researcher Affiliations

Marín Navas, Carmen
  • Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain.
Delgado Bermejo, Juan Vicente
  • Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain.
McLean, Amy Katherine
  • Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95617, USA.
León Jurado, José Manuel
  • Centro Agropecuario Provincial de Córdoba, Diputación Provincial de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain.
Torres, Antonio Rodriguez de la Borbolla Y Ruiberriz de
  • Unión Española de Ganaderos de Pura Raza Hispano-Árabe, 41001 Sevilla, Spain.
Navas González, Francisco Javier
  • Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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