DNA vaccination against influenza viruses: a review with emphasis on equine and swine influenza.
Abstract: The influenza virus vaccines that are commercially-available for humans, horses and pigs in the United States are inactivated, whole-virus or subunit vaccines. While these vaccines may decrease the incidence and severity of clinical disease, they do not consistently provide complete protection from virus infection. DNA vaccines are a novel alternative to conventional vaccination strategies, and offer many of the potential benefits of live virus vaccines without their risks. In particular, because immunogens are synthesized de novo within DNA transfected cells, antigen can be presented by MHC class I and II molecules, resulting in stimulation of both humoral and cellular immune responses. Influenza virus has been used extensively as a model pathogen in DNA vaccine studies in mice, chickens, ferrets, pigs, horses and non-human primates, and clinical trials of DNA-based influenza virus vaccines are underway in humans. Our studies have focused on gene gun delivery of DNA vaccines against equine and swine influenza viruses in mice, ponies and pigs, including studies employing co-administration of interleukin-6 DNA as an approach for modulating and adjuvanting influenza virus hemagglutinin-specific immune responses. The results indicate that gene gun administration of plasmids encoding hemagglutinin genes from influenza viruses is an effective method for priming and/or inducing virus-specific immune responses, and for providing partial to complete protection from challenge infection in mice, horses and pigs. In addition, studies of interleukin-6 DNA co-administration in mice clearly demonstrate the potential for this approach to enhance vaccine efficacy and protection.
Publication Date: 2000-05-09 PubMed ID: 10799787DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1135(00)00175-9Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
- Research Support
- U.S. Gov't
- Non-P.H.S.
- Review
Summary
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This research paper presents a detailed study on DNA vaccines against influenza in horses and pigs, revealing that this novel vaccination strategy has the potential to elicit both humoral and cellular immune responses, thus providing certain levels of protection against the virus.
Conventional vaccination versus DNA vaccines
- The study starts by pointing out the limitations of commercially available influenza vaccines for humans, horses, and pigs – they reduce the severity of the disease, but don’t consistently provide complete protection from virus infection.
- As an alternative, the authors propose DNA vaccines, thought to combine the advantages of live virus vaccines, such as strong and long-lasting immunity, without their associated risks.
How DNA Vaccines Work
- DNA vaccines work by having the vaccine recipients produce the antigens themselves. Upon vaccination, the vaccine DNA is taken up by cells in the body, which then synthesize the antigen from the DNA blueprint.
- This method results in the antigen being presented on both MHC class I and II molecules, which means that it can stimulate both humoral (antibody-mediated) and cellular (T cell-mediated) immune responses.
Experimental Application of DNA Vaccines in Animals
- Influenza virus has been widely used as a model to study DNA vaccination in various animal species such as mice, chickens, ferrets, pigs, horses, and non-human primates. Clinical trials are also underway in humans.
- The researchers in this particular study focused on using a gene gun to deliver the DNA vaccines against equine and swine influenza viruses. A gene gun is a device that introduces DNA into cells using high velocity micro projectiles.
- Studies involving co-administration of interleukin-6 DNA aimed to enhance the vaccine’s effect by modulating the immunologic response towards the influenza virus hemagglutinin, an important target for neutralizing antibodies.
Key Findings
- The findings suggest that using a gene gun to inject plasmids (circular DNA fragments) containing influenza virus’s hemagglutinin genes is an effective way to prime or induce virus-specific immune responses.
- This method gave partial to full protection from subsequent virus challenges in mice, horses, and pigs. The benefits were even more pronounced when interleukin-6 DNA was co-administered in mice, highlighting the potential to enhance vaccine efficacy and protection via this approach.
Cite This Article
APA
Olsen CW.
(2000).
DNA vaccination against influenza viruses: a review with emphasis on equine and swine influenza.
Vet Microbiol, 74(1-2), 149-164.
https://doi.org/10.1016/s0378-1135(00)00175-9 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Drive West, Madison, WI 53706, USA. olsenc@svm.vetmed.wisc.edu
MeSH Terms
- Adjuvants, Immunologic
- Animals
- Influenza A virus / immunology
- Influenza Vaccines
- Interleukin-6 / genetics
- Interleukin-6 / immunology
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections / prevention & control
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections / veterinary
- Vaccination / veterinary
- Vaccines, DNA
Citations
This article has been cited 13 times.- Oladunni FS, Oseni SO, Martinez-Sobrido L, Chambers TM. Equine Influenza Virus and Vaccines. Viruses 2021 Aug 20;13(8).
- Salvesen HA, Whitelaw CBA. Current and prospective control strategies of influenza A virus in swine. Porcine Health Manag 2021 Feb 28;7(1):23.
- Yu L, Pan J, Cao G, Jiang M, Zhang Y, Zhu M, Liang Z, Zhang X, Hu X, Xue R, Gong C. AIV polyantigen epitope expressed by recombinant baculovirus induces a systemic immune response in chicken and mouse models. Virol J 2020 Aug 5;17(1):121.
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- Wei H, Lenz SD, Thompson DH, Pogranichniy RM. DNA-epitope vaccine provided efficient protection to mice against lethal dose of influenza A virus H1N1. Viral Immunol 2014 Feb;27(1):14-9.
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- Loudon PT, Yager EJ, Lynch DT, Narendran A, Stagnar C, Franchini AM, Fuller JT, White PA, Nyuandi J, Wiley CA, Murphey-Corb M, Fuller DH. GM-CSF increases mucosal and systemic immunogenicity of an H1N1 influenza DNA vaccine administered into the epidermis of non-human primates. PLoS One 2010 Jun 8;5(6):e11021.
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