Doping control analysis of 121 prohibited substances in equine hair by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
Abstract: Equine hair is becoming an increasingly popular biological matrix for doping control of horse sports; one of the reasons for this is the significantly longer detection window hair can offer. Hair analysis opens up the opportunity for longitudinal monitoring of drug exposure which would otherwise not be possible with the more traditional and common biological matrices, such as urine and blood. As such, there is a need for more multi-target screening methods covering a broad range of prohibited substances in equine hair at the required sensitivities for equine doping control. This paper describes a sensitive ultra-high performance liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method for the detection of 121 drugs and/or their metabolites in equine hair covering ten classes of prohibited substances with estimated limits of detection between 0.1 and 10 pg/mg. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a screening method in equine hair which can cover such a broad range and well over one hundred prohibited substances in a single analytical run. This method has been validated for its specificity, precision and extraction recovery. Applicability of this method has been demonstrated by: (i) the successful identification of clenbuterol, 2-(1-hydroxyethyl) promazine sulfoxide, acepromazine and tetrahydrozoline in genuine equine mane samples; as well as (ii) the detection of drugs from artificially incurred mane hair samples which have been prepared by soaking blank hair samples in solutions of drug targets.
Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Publication Date: 2018-06-01 PubMed ID: 29885604DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.05.043Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary
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The research article discusses a method for doping control in horse sports by analyzing horse hair using a highly sensitive liquid chromatography – tandem mass spectrometry process, enabling detection of 121 prohibited drugs and their metabolites.
Objective of the Research
- The objective of the research is to devise a multi-target screening method to detect a broad range of prohibited substances in horse hair. The screening method has the potential to enhance the doping control in horse sports by offering longer detection windows and more comprehensive results compared to traditional tests based on urine and blood samples.
Method Employed
- The researchers used an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography – tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method to detect 121 different prohibited substances and their metabolites in horse hair.
- The substances can be from ten different classes and can be detected at limits ranging from 0.1 and 10 pg/mg, providing an extremely sensitive and broad dose-range detection capability.
Significance of the Findings
- This is the first time a screening method offering such a vast and comprehensive range of prohibited substances in horse hair is reported. A single analytical run can screen for over one hundred different substances.
- This method was validated for its specificity, precision, and extraction recovery, enhancing its reliability and usability in actual doping control situations.
Practical Applications of the Research
- The research demonstrated the applicability of this method by successfully identifying banned substances like clenbuterol, acepromazine, and others, in authentic horse mane samples.
- The method’s effectiveness in detecting drug traces was also validated through artificially incurred mane hair samples prepared by soaking blank hair samples in solutions of drug targets, expanding the practical potential of the method beyond naturally incurred samples.
Cite This Article
APA
Wong JKY, Choi TLS, Kwok KY, Lei ENY, Wan TSM.
(2018).
Doping control analysis of 121 prohibited substances in equine hair by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
J Pharm Biomed Anal, 158, 189-203.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2018.05.043 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Racing Laboratory, The Hong Kong Jockey Club, Sha Tin Racecourse, N. T., Hong Kong, China. Electronic address: jenny.ky.wong@hkjc.org.hk.
- Racing Laboratory, The Hong Kong Jockey Club, Sha Tin Racecourse, N. T., Hong Kong, China.
- Racing Laboratory, The Hong Kong Jockey Club, Sha Tin Racecourse, N. T., Hong Kong, China.
- Racing Laboratory, The Hong Kong Jockey Club, Sha Tin Racecourse, N. T., Hong Kong, China.
- Racing Laboratory, The Hong Kong Jockey Club, Sha Tin Racecourse, N. T., Hong Kong, China. Electronic address: terence.sm.wan@hkjc.org.hk.
MeSH Terms
- Anabolic Agents / analysis
- Animals
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / methods
- Doping in Sports / prevention & control
- Hair / chemistry
- Horses
- Sensitivity and Specificity
- Solid Phase Extraction / instrumentation
- Solid Phase Extraction / methods
- Substance Abuse Detection / instrumentation
- Substance Abuse Detection / methods
- Tandem Mass Spectrometry / instrumentation
- Tandem Mass Spectrometry / methods
Citations
This article has been cited 2 times.- Marlier D. Doping in Racing Pigeons (Columba livia domestica): A Review and Actual Situation in Belgium, a Leading Country in This Field.. Vet Sci 2022 Jan 22;9(2).
- Caprioli G, Genangeli M, Mustafa AM, Petrelli R, Ricciutelli M, Sagratini G, Sartori S, Laus F, Vittori S, Cortese M. Quantification of 17 Endogenous and Exogenous Steroidal Hormones in Equine and Bovine Blood for Doping Control with UHPLC-MS/MS.. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021 Apr 21;14(5).
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