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PloS one2020; 15(2); e0228741; doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228741

Doppler evaluation of renal resistivity index in healthy conscious horses and donkeys.

Abstract: The renal resistive index (RRI) is used as a measurement of downstream resistance in arteries. The aim of this study was to assess the RRI of the arcuate arteries by pulsed-wave Doppler ultrasonography in healthy conscious horses and donkeys, and to verify any differences related to age, breed, bodyweight (BW) or body condition (BCS). Thirty-three healthy conscious horses and nine donkeys had their systolic and diastolic flow velocities at the level of the arcuate arteries estimated by pulsed-wave Doppler ultrasound, and the RRI was calculated. The relationship of RRI with age, breed (Trotters vs. other breeds), bodyweight (BW), and body condition score (BCS) were evaluated. PW Doppler evaluation of RRI was successfully applied in most of the horses, but to date not in the donkeys. In horses, median RRI values for the right kidney (0.58±0.006) were statistically higher than for the left (0.51±0.006). For the donkeys the values were comparable. There was no significant difference in RRI between horses younger or older than 15 years, and between breeds in horses. No correlation with age, BW or BCS was found in either horses or donkeys.
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Publication Date: 2020-02-06 PubMed ID: 32027703PubMed Central: PMC7004319DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228741Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The study aimed to examine the renal resistive index (RRI) in healthy horses and donkeys and determine if there were any significant differences influenced by factors such as age, breed, body weight, or body condition. It was found that this method could be successfully applied in most horses, revealed differences between the right and left kidneys in horses, but not in donkeys, and showed no significant association with age, breed, body weight or body condition in either horses or donkeys.

Study Aim and Methodology

  • The primary objective of this research was to evaluate the renal resistive index (RRI) – a metric that gauges the resistance to blood flow in arteries – using pulsed-wave Doppler ultrasonography in healthy conscious horses and donkeys. It also sought to ascertain whether there were any discernible differences due to factors like age, breed, body weight, and body condition score (BCS).
  • The study group consisted of 33 horses and 9 donkeys, all of which were healthy and conscious during the investigation. The scientists conducted their analysis by estimating systolic and diastolic flow velocities at the arcuate arteries level and calculating the RRI using pulsed-wave Doppler ultrasound.

Key Findings

  • The application of pulsed-wave Doppler evaluation for assessing RRI was largely successful for horses but has not yet been attempted for donkeys.
  • In horses, it turned out that the median RRI values for the right kidney were numerically greater than those for the left kidney. However, for the donkeys, the RRI values were similar for the right and left kidneys.
  • The research also revealed no statistically significant variation in RRI between horses older or younger than 15 years, or among different horse breeds. In other words, the age and breed of horses had no bearing on the RRI values.
  • The same lack of correlation was true for body weight and body condition score (BCS) in both horses and donkeys. This shows that the physical condition or weight of these animals does not influence their renal resistive index (RRI).

Conclusion

  • This study provided valuable insights into the application and interpretation of the renal resistive index (RRI) in horses and donkeys, using pulsed-wave Doppler ultrasonography. With the current data at hand, it can be concluded that there are no significant associations between the RRI and factors like age, breed, body weight or body condition in either horses or donkeys.

Cite This Article

APA
(2020). Doppler evaluation of renal resistivity index in healthy conscious horses and donkeys. PLoS One, 15(2), e0228741. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0228741

Publication

PloS one
ISSN: 1932-6203
NlmUniqueID: 101285081
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 15
Issue: 2
Pages: e0228741
PII: e0228741

Researcher Affiliations

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Consciousness
  • Equidae
  • Female
  • Horses
  • Kidney / diagnostic imaging
  • Kidney / physiology
  • Ultrasonography, Doppler

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

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Citations

This article has been cited 3 times.
  1. Wang H, Feng Q, Li C, Zhang H, Peng Y. Ultrasonographic study of hemodynamics and contrast-enhanced ultrasound in the rhesus monkey kidney. Exp Anim 2022 May 20;71(2):116-122.
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  2. Barreiro-Vázquez JD, Miranda M, Barreiro-Lois A. Transabdominal Renal Doppler Ultrasound in Healthy Adult Holstein-Friesian Cows: A Pilot Study. Animals (Basel) 2020 Dec 31;11(1).
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  3. Agut A, Soler M, Fernández-Del Palacio MJ. Changes in Renal Resistive Index Values in Healthy Puppies during the First Months of Life. Animals (Basel) 2020 Aug 3;10(8).
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