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The Veterinary record1994; 134(7); 158-162; doi: 10.1136/vr.134.7.158

Duration of protective efficacy of equine influenza immunostimulating complex/tetanus vaccines.

Abstract: Seven previously untreated five-month-old New Forest ponies received two doses of equine influenza immunostimulating complex vaccines, one with and one without an immunopurified tetanus toxoid component, given by deep intramuscular injection six weeks apart, followed by a booster dose without tetanus toxoid five months later. Fifteen months after the third dose of vaccine, the ponies were challenged by exposure to an aerosol of influenza A/Equine 2/Sussex/89 (H3N8), a virus isolated from a recent outbreak of influenza A/equine 2 in Britain. The challenge produced severe clinical signs of influenza (pyrexia and coughing) in five unvaccinated control ponies. Four of the vaccinated ponies were completely protected against clinical disease, and two of these were also protected against infection as demonstrated by their lack of an antibody response after challenge. No coughing was recorded among the vaccinated ponies, and only three of the seven vaccinated ponies experienced a transient mild pyrexia. The mean duration and severity of the pyrexia among the vaccinated ponies was significantly less (P or = 0.01/iu/ml) were maintained for at least 20 months after vaccination.
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Publication Date: 1994-02-12 PubMed ID: 8160328DOI: 10.1136/vr.134.7.158Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research investigated the long-term effectiveness of equine influenza vaccines, with and without a tetanus component, in New Forest ponies. The study found that the vaccines provided significant, lasting protection against influenza, with some ponies also showing resistance to infection. Tetanus anti-toxin levels also remained protective for as long as 20 months post-vaccination.

Study Objective and Methodology

  • The study aimed to assess how long the protective effects of equine influenza vaccines, supplemented with tetanus toxoid or not, last in New Forest ponies.
  • Seven ponies received two doses of the vaccines, six weeks apart, followed by a booster dose without the tetanus component five months later.
  • Five control ponies, who were not vaccinated, were also included for a comparative analysis.

Challenge and Findings

  • Fifteen months after the final vaccine dose, all ponies were exposed to an aerosol of influenza A/Equine 2/Sussex/89 (H3N8), a recently isolated virus from an equine influenza outbreak in Britain.
  • Unvaccinated ponies showed severe clinical signs of influenza, including fever and cough.
  • Four out of seven vaccinated ponies were fully protected against the disease; two among them also had no post-challenge antibody response, suggesting they were protected against the infection as well.
  • None of the vaccinated ponies experienced coughing while only three of them had brief, mild fever.

Statistical Comparison and Antitoxin Monitoring

  • A comparison revealed that severity and duration of fever among vaccinated ponies were significantly less than the controls, affirming the vaccines’ efficacy.
  • Additionally, virus excretion was nearly eliminated among vaccinated ponies, showcasing a reduced risk of the disease’s spread.
  • Tetanus antitoxin antibodies, monitored through the study, maintained protective levels for at least 20 months post-vaccination, demonstrating the long-term effectiveness of the administered tetanus component.

Conclusion

  • The research indicates that equine influenza immunostimulating complex vaccines, with or without a tetanus toxoid component, can provide significant and long-lasting protection against infection and clinical disease in ponies.

Cite This Article

APA
Mumford JA, Jessett DM, Rollinson EA, Hannant D, Draper ME. (1994). Duration of protective efficacy of equine influenza immunostimulating complex/tetanus vaccines. Vet Rec, 134(7), 158-162. https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.134.7.158

Publication

The Veterinary record
ISSN: 0042-4900
NlmUniqueID: 0031164
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 134
Issue: 7
Pages: 158-162

Researcher Affiliations

Mumford, J A
  • Department of Infectious Diseases, Animal Health Trust, Kennett, Newmarket, Suffolk.
Jessett, D M
    Rollinson, E A
      Hannant, D
        Draper, M E

          MeSH Terms

          • Animals
          • Antibodies, Viral / biosynthesis
          • Drug Therapy, Combination
          • Female
          • Horse Diseases / immunology
          • Horse Diseases / prevention & control
          • Horses
          • ISCOMs / immunology
          • Influenza A virus / immunology
          • Influenza Vaccines / immunology
          • Male
          • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / immunology
          • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / prevention & control
          • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / veterinary
          • Tetanus Toxoid / immunology
          • Time Factors

          Citations

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