E5 nucleotide polymorphisms suggest quasispecies occurrence in BPV-1 sub-clinically infected horses.
Abstract: BPV-1 is known as the main causative agent of equine sarcoid, but the virus has also been detected in skin and blood of healthy horses. Previous reports demonstrated the presence of E5 variants in sarcoids of donkeys and horses; we investigated whether this genetic variability might be also found in BPV-1, PBMC associated, of sub-clinically infected horses. With this aim, we analyzed the E5 gene of 21 BPV-1 strains from diseased and sub-clinically infected horses. Our analyses lead us to demonstrate that multiple sequence variants can be present in the blood of sub-clinically infected horses, with alternative bases corresponding to either synonymous or non-synonymous codons in the E5 oncogene sequences. The results give support to the proposed existence of "equine adapted" BPV-1 strains with the occurrence of viral variants, resembling quasispecies, in clinically healthy horses with viremia.
Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Publication Date: 2015-07-31 PubMed ID: 26412524DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2015.07.016Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
Summary
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The research examines the occurrence of genetic variations, or polymorphisms, in the E5 gene of BPV-1, a virus associated with equine sarcoid, in horses that show no symptoms of the disease. The study suggests that multiple strains of the virus, similar to quasispecies, may exist in these seemingly healthy horses.
Context and Research Objectives
- The BPV-1 virus is primarily recognized as the cause of equine sarcoid, a type of skin tumor in horses. However, the presence of this virus has also been found in the skin and blood of healthy horses.
- Previous studies have identified genetic variants or polymorphisms in the E5 gene of BPV-1 in donkeys and horses suffering from sarcoids.
- This study aimed to investigate whether these genetic variations could also be found in BPV-1 of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in sub-clinically infected horses, meaning those that carry the virus but do not show outward signs of the disease.
Research Methods
- The researchers conducted a detailed analysis of the E5 gene in 21 different BPV-1 strains sourced from horses both with and without disease symptoms.
Research Findings
- The analysis revealed that multiple sequence variants of the virus can be present in the blood of horses that are sub-clinically infected.
- These variants display alternative bases that correspond to either synonymous or non-synonymous codons – the sequences of three nucleotides that encode for specific amino acids that make up proteins – in the E5 oncogene sequences.
- Oncogenes are genes that have the potential to turn a normal cell into a cancerous one, and E5 is a specific oncogene associated with BPV-1 virus.
Implications
- The findings of the study reinforce the notion of the existence of “equine adapted” BPV-1 strains in seemingly healthy horses suffering from viremia, which is the presence of viruses in the bloodstream.
- This suggests that the virus may exist as a spectrum of similar genetic variants, or quasispecies, in horses.
Cite This Article
APA
Savini F, Gallina L, Prosperi A, Battilani M, Bettini G, Scagliarini A.
(2015).
E5 nucleotide polymorphisms suggest quasispecies occurrence in BPV-1 sub-clinically infected horses.
Res Vet Sci, 102, 80-82.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2015.07.016 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences-Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Tolara di sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy.
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences-Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Tolara di sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy. Electronic address: alessand.scagliarini@unibo.it.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Bovine papillomavirus 1 / genetics
- Bovine papillomavirus 1 / isolation & purification
- DNA, Viral / genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Viral
- Genetic Speciation
- Horse Diseases / virology
- Horses / genetics
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear / virology
- Oncogene Proteins, Viral / genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Viral / metabolism
- Polymorphism, Genetic
- Skin Neoplasms / veterinary
- Skin Neoplasms / virology
Citations
This article has been cited 3 times.- Gysens L, Vanmechelen B, Haspeslagh M, Maes P, Martens A. New approach for genomic characterisation of equine sarcoid-derived BPV-1/-2 using nanopore-based sequencing.. Virol J 2022 Jan 6;19(1):8.
- Willemsen A, Bravo IG. Origin and evolution of papillomavirus (onco)genes and genomes.. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019 May 27;374(1773):20180303.
- Savini F, Gallina L, Mazza F, Mariella J, Castagnetti C, Scagliarini A. Molecular Detection of Bovine Papillomavirus DNA in the Placenta and Blood of Healthy Mares and Respective Foals.. Vet Sci 2019 Feb 6;6(1).
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