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Home / Equine Research Bank / Animals (Basel) / Effect of Supplementary Feeding on Milk Volume, Milk Composi...
Animals : an open access journal from MDPI2023; 13(15); doi: 10.3390/ani13152415

Effect of Supplementary Feeding on Milk Volume, Milk Composition, Blood Biochemical Index, and Fecal Microflora Diversity in Grazing Yili Mares.

Abstract: Grazing is a common approach to rearing. We investigated the effects of supplementation during grazing on milk yield and composition, blood biochemistry, and fecal microflora in Yili horses. The control mares grazed normally, while those in groups I and II received 1 kg/d of concentrate and 1 kg/d of concentrate + 0.4 kg/d of coated FA, respectively. Milk volumes were significantly higher in groups I and II than in the control group, and among the previous two, milk volumes were significantly higher in group II than in group I. Milk fat, lactose, and protein levels were significantly higher in group II than in the others. BUN was highly significantly lower in group I than in the control group. Specific FAs, total SFA, and total UFA were significantly higher in group II than in the other groups. After feeding, plasma GLU, free FA, TG, LDL, and VLDL were significantly higher in group II than in the other groups. The control group, group I, and group II had 4984, 5487, and 5158 OTUs, respectively, and 3483 OTUs were common to all groups. The abundance of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes was >75%. The abundance of Verrucomicrobia was significantly higher in groups I and II than in the control group and, among the previous two, significantly higher in group II than in group I. The abundance of Treponema_saccharophilum significantly differed between the control and other groups, and WCHB 1_41, Kiritimatiellae, and Verrucomicrobia abundances significantly differed between groups II and the other groups.
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Publication Date: 2023-07-26 PubMed ID: 37570224PubMed Central: PMC10417139DOI: 10.3390/ani13152415Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This study investigates whether adding varied dietary supplements to the diet of grazing horses affects their milk production, blood biochemistry and fecal microbial diversity. It found that adding supplementary feed increased milk volume and improved its nutritional content, altered specific blood biochemical indices and diversified fecal microflora.

Supplementary Feeding and Milk Production

  • Three groups of horses were observed. A control group grazed normally, while two other groups received varied supplemented diets. Group I was given 1 kg/day of concentrate and Group II received 1 kg/day of concentrate with 0.4 kg/day of coated fatty acids (FAs).
  • Both supplemented groups produced more milk volume than the control, with Group II having the highest output.
  • Group II had significantly higher levels of fat, lactose, and protein in their milk than both other groups. This suggests that the additional coated FAs provide a necessary enhancement of nutrient composition in mare’s milk.

Dietary Supplementation and Blood Biochemistry

  • The blood urea nitrogen (BUN) was significantly lower in Group I than in the control group. Lower BUN levels often indicate more efficient protein synthesis and utilisation, suggesting the concentrate supplement may improve protein metabolism.
  • However, Group II showed higher specific fatty acids (FA), and total saturated (SFA) and unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) than all other groups. This implies that the additional FAs in Group II’s diet not only enhance milk composition but also alter the blood lipid profile.
  • After feeding, Group II had higher levels of plasma glucose (GLU), free fatty acids, triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), indicating that the dietary supplements, particularly the coated FAs, significantly influence metabolic processes and energy status in the mares.

Supplementary Diets and Fecal Microflora

  • Fecal microflora, reflected by operational taxonomic units (OTUs), varied across the groups. The control, Group I, and Group II had 4984, 5487, and 5158 OTUs respectively, sharing 3483 OTUs.
  • Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes made up more than 75% of the total bacterial phyla in all the groups. The supplemented diets, particularly in Group II, increased the abundance of Verrucomicrobia when compared to the control group.
  • There was a significant difference in microbial diversity and abundance between the control group and the supplemented groups, indicating the supplemented diets influence the gut microbiome, which may affect host nutrient-uptake, immune function, and overall health.

Cite This Article

APA
Lu H, Zhang W, Sun S, Mei Y, Zhao G, Yang K. (2023). Effect of Supplementary Feeding on Milk Volume, Milk Composition, Blood Biochemical Index, and Fecal Microflora Diversity in Grazing Yili Mares. Animals (Basel), 13(15). https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13152415

Publication

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
ISSN: 2076-2615
NlmUniqueID: 101635614
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 13
Issue: 15

Researcher Affiliations

Lu, Hao
  • Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Meat & Milk Production Herbivore Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China.
Zhang, Wenjie
  • Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Meat & Milk Production Herbivore Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China.
Sun, Shuo
  • Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Meat & Milk Production Herbivore Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China.
Mei, Yingying
  • Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Meat & Milk Production Herbivore Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China.
Zhao, Guodong
  • Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Meat & Milk Production Herbivore Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China.
Yang, Kailun
  • Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Meat & Milk Production Herbivore Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China.

Grant Funding

  • 2022YFD1600103 / Kailun Yang

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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