Effect of video angle on detection of induced front limb lameness in horses.
Abstract: Lameness examinations are commonly performed in equine medicine. Advancements in digital technology have increased the use of video recordings for lameness assessment, however, standardization of ideal video angle is not available yielding videos of poor diagnostic quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of video angle on the subjective assessment of front limb lameness. A randomized, blinded, crossover study was performed. Six horses with and without mechanically induced forelimb solar pain were recorded using 9 video angles including horses trotting directly away and towards the video camera, horses trotting away and towards a video camera placed to the left and right side of midline, and horses trotting in a circle with the video camera placed on the inside and outside of the circle. Videos were randomized and assessed by three expert equine veterinarians using a 0-5 point scoring system. Objective lameness parameters were collected using a body-mounted inertial sensor system (Lameness Locator®, Equinosis LLC). Interobserver agreement for subjective lameness scores and ease of grading scores were determined. Results: Induction of lameness was successful in all horses. There was excellent agreement between objective lameness parameters and subjective lameness scores (AUC of the ROC = 0.87). For horses in the "lame" trials, interobserver agreement was moderate for video angle 2 when degree of lameness was considered and perfect for video angle 2 and 9 when lameness was considered as a binary outcome. All other angles had no to fair agreement. For horses in the "sound" trials, interobserver agreement was perfect for video angle 5. All other video angles had slight to moderate agreement. Conclusions: When video assessment of forelimb lameness is required, a video of the horse trotting directly towards the video camera at a minimum is recommended. Other video angles may provide supportive information regarding lameness characteristics.
© 2024. The Author(s).
Publication Date: 2024-05-03 PubMed ID: 38702691PubMed Central: PMC11067204DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04032-9Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
Summary
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This research investigated the influence of camera angles in video recordings on the detection of front limb lameness in horses, with the finding that filming a horse directly from the front provides the most reliable results.
Objective
- The purpose of this study was to determine the best camera angle to detect limping in horses’ front legs using video recordings. As video recordings are increasingly used in equine medicine for lameness assessments, the research aimed to establish a standardized method that yields diagnostic quality videos.
Method
- A randomized, blinded, crossover study was performed using six horses which were sometimes induced with forelimb discomfort. The horses were filmed from nine different angles. These included the horse moving directly away and towards the camera, the horse moving away and towards the camera placed to the left and right side of midline, and the horse trotting in a circular motion with the camera placed inside and outside of the circle.
- These video recordings were then randomly evaluated by three professional equine veterinarians using a scoring system ranging from 0-5.
- Objective lameness parameters were collected suing a body-mounted inertial sensor system known as Lameness Locator® from Equinosis LLC.
- The interobserver agreement for the subjective lameness scores and ease of grading scores was calculated.
Results
- All the horses were successfully induced with lameness. The study found excellent agreement between objective measurements and subjective scores of lameness (Area Under the Curve (AUC) of the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) = 0.87).
- In the “lame” trials, interobserver agreement was moderate for camera angle 2 considering the degree of lameness, and perfect for angles 2 and 9 considering lameness as a binary outcome (either present or not present).
- Most other angles showed little to fair agreement. For the “sound” trials (where lameness was not induced), angle 5 had perfect interobserver agreement while all other angles showed slight to moderate agreement.
Conclusions
- The findings suggest that, when video assessment of forelimb lameness in horses is needed, the video should, at minimum, be taken from the front as the horse trots towards the camera. Other camera angles can serve as supplementary information for lameness characteristics.
Cite This Article
APA
Valle AP, Brown KA, Reilly P, Ciamillo SA, Davidson EJ, Stefanovski D, Stewart HL, Ortved KF.
(2024).
Effect of video angle on detection of induced front limb lameness in horses.
BMC Vet Res, 20(1), 172.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-024-04032-9 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, 382 West Street Road, Kennett Square, Philadelphia, PA, 19348, United States of America.
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, 382 West Street Road, Kennett Square, Philadelphia, PA, 19348, United States of America.
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, 382 West Street Road, Kennett Square, Philadelphia, PA, 19348, United States of America.
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, 382 West Street Road, Kennett Square, Philadelphia, PA, 19348, United States of America.
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, 382 West Street Road, Kennett Square, Philadelphia, PA, 19348, United States of America.
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, 382 West Street Road, Kennett Square, Philadelphia, PA, 19348, United States of America.
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, 382 West Street Road, Kennett Square, Philadelphia, PA, 19348, United States of America.
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, 382 West Street Road, Kennett Square, Philadelphia, PA, 19348, United States of America. kortved@vet.upenn.edu.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Horses
- Lameness, Animal / diagnosis
- Horse Diseases / diagnosis
- Video Recording
- Cross-Over Studies
- Forelimb
- Female
- Male
Conflict of Interest Statement
The authors declare no competing interests.
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