Effects of 2 modes of positive pressure ventilation on respiratory mechanics and gas exchange in foals.
Abstract: Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and pressure support ventilation (PSV) can improve respiratory mechanics and gas exchange, but different airway pressures have not been compared in foals. Objective: Assess the effect of different airway pressures during CPAP and PSV have on respiratory function in healthy foals with pharmacologically induced respiratory insufficiency. We hypothesized that increased airway pressures would improve respiratory mechanics and increased positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) would be associated with hypercapnia. Methods: Six healthy foals from a university teaching herd. Methods: A prospective, 2-phase, 2-treatment, randomized cross-over study design was used to evaluate sequential interventions in sedated foals using 2 protocols (CPAP and PSV). Outcome measures included arterial blood gases, spirometry, volumetric capnography, lung volume and aeration assessed using computed tomography (CT). Results: Sedation and dorsal recumbency were associated with significant reductions in arterial oxygen pressure (PaO ), respiratory rate, and tidal volume. Continuous positive airway pressure was associated with improved PaO , without concurrent hypercapnia. Volumetric capnography identified improved ventilation:perfusion (V/Q) matching and increased carbon dioxide elimination during ventilation, and spirometry identified decreased respiratory rate and increased tidal volume. Peak inspiratory pressure was moderately associated with PaO and lung volume. Improved pulmonary aeration was evident in CT images, and lung volume was increased, particularly during CPAP. Conclusions: Both CPAP and PSV improved lung mechanics and gas exchange in healthy foals with induced respiratory insufficiency.
© 2023 The Authors. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. on behalf of the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine.
Publication Date: 2023-04-13 PubMed ID: 37051768PubMed Central: PMC10229351DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16651Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Randomized Controlled Trial
- Veterinary
- Journal Article
Summary
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The research article discusses a study that assessed the impact of two different airway pressures during continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and pressure support ventilation (PSV) on respiratory function in healthy foals with artificially induced respiratory issues. It revealed that both procedures enhance lung mechanics and gas exchange.
Study Objective and Hypothesis
- The principal aim of the study was to examine and understand the impact of different airway pressures utilized during Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) and Pressure Support Ventilation (PSV) on the respiratory efficiency of healthy foals with pharmacologically induced respiratory insufficiency.
- The researchers hypothesized that an increment in airway pressures would lead to improved respiratory mechanics and an increased positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) would be linked to hypercapnia or excessive carbon dioxide in the bloodstream.
Methodology
- Six healthy foals from a university teaching herd were used for this study. The research was designed as a prospective, randomized, crossover study, comprising two phases and two treatments.
- The researchers treated sedated foals with two protocols, CPAP and PSV, and observed the effects sequentially.
- Outcome measures or wherein the success of the study was determined, included parameters like arterial blood gases, spirometry, volumetric capnography, lung volume, and aeration. The researchers utilized computed tomography (CT) to assess lung volume and aeration.
Results
- The study found that sedation and dorsal recumbency were linked to significant lowerings in arterial oxygen pressure (PaO), respiratory rate, and tidal volume.
- Continuous positive airway pressure or CPAP was linked to an improved PaO and did not lead to concurrent hypercapnia.
- Volumetric capnography identified improved ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) matching and an increase in carbon dioxide elimination during the ventilation process.
- Spirometry identified a decreased respiratory rate and an increase in tidal volume.
- Peak inspiratory pressure was moderately linked to PaO and lung volume.
- Improved pulmonary aeration was evident in CT images, and lung volume had increased, particularly during CPAP.
Conclusions
- The study concluded that both CPAP and PSV efficiently improved lung mechanics and gas exchange in healthy foals with induced respiratory insufficiency.
Cite This Article
APA
Raidal SL, Catanchin M, Sacks M, Carstens A, Quinn C, Mosing M.
(2023).
Effects of 2 modes of positive pressure ventilation on respiratory mechanics and gas exchange in foals.
J Vet Intern Med, 37(3), 1233-1242.
https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.16651 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- School of Animal, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia.
- School of Animal, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia.
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch 6150, Western Australia, Australia.
- School of Animal, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia.
- School of Animal, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia.
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch 6150, Western Australia, Australia.
MeSH Terms
- Horses
- Animals
- Hypercapnia / veterinary
- Prospective Studies
- Positive-Pressure Respiration / methods
- Positive-Pressure Respiration / veterinary
- Respiratory Mechanics
- Respiratory Insufficiency / veterinary
- Horse Diseases / therapy
Grant Funding
- PRJ-011159 / Agrifutures Australia
Conflict of Interest Statement
Authors declare no conflict of interest.
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This article includes 21 references
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