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Home / Equine Research Bank / Front Vet Sci / Effects of Aleurone Supplementation on Glucose-Insulin Metab...
Frontiers in veterinary science2021; 8; 642809; doi: 10.3389/fvets.2021.642809

Effects of Aleurone Supplementation on Glucose-Insulin Metabolism and Gut Microbiome in Untrained Healthy Horses.

Abstract: Aleurone, a layer of the bran fraction, is deemed to be responsible for the positive health effects associated with the consumption of whole-grain products. Studies on rodents, pigs, and humans report beneficial effects of aleurone in five main areas: the reduction of oxidative stress, immunomodulatory effects, modulation of energy management, digestive health, and the storage of vitamins and minerals. Our study is the first aleurone supplementation study performed in horses. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of an increase in the dose levels of aleurone on the postprandial glucose-insulin metabolism and the gut microbiome in untrained healthy horses. Seven adult Standardbred horses were supplemented with four different dose levels of aleurone (50, 100, 200, and 400 g/day for 1 week) by using a Latin square model with a 1-week wash out in between doses. On day 7 of each supplementation week, postprandial blood glucose-insulin was measured and fecal samples were collected. 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing was performed and QIIME2 software was used for microbiome analysis. Microbial community function was assessed by using the predictive metagenome analysis tool Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt) and using the Metacyc database of metabolic pathways. The relative abundancies of a pathway were analyzed by using analysis of composition of microbiomes (ANCOM) in R. There was a significant dose-dependent increase in the postprandial time to peak of glucose ( = 0.030), a significant delay in the time to peak of insulin ( = 0.025), and a significant decrease in both the insulin peak level ( = 0.049) and insulin area under the curve (AUC) ( = 0.019) with increasing dose levels of aleurone, with a consideration of 200 g being the lowest significant dose. Alpha diversity and beta diversity of the fecal microbiome showed no significant changes. Aleurone significantly decreased the relative abundance of the genera Roseburia, Shuttleworthia, Anaerostipes, Faecalibacter, and Succinovibrionaceae. The most pronounced changes in the relative abundance at phyla level were seen in Firmicutes and Verrucomicrobia (downregulation) and Bacteroidetes and Spirochaetes (upregulation). The PICRUSt analysis shows that aleurone induces a downregulation of the degradation of L-glutamate and taurine and an upregulation of the three consecutive pathways of the phospholipid membrane synthesis of the Archaea domain. The results of this study suggest a multimodal effect of aleurone on glucose-insulin metabolism, which is most likely to be caused by its effect on feed texture and subsequent digestive processing; and a synergistic effect of individual aleurone components on the glucose-insulin metabolism and microbiome composition and function.
Copyright © 2021 Boshuizen, Moreno de Vega, De Maré, de Meeûs, de Oliveira, Hosotani, Gansemans, Deforce, Van Nieuwerburgh and Delesalle.
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Publication Date: 2021-04-12 PubMed ID: 33912605PubMed Central: PMC8072273DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.642809Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research aimed to determine the impact of varying doses of aleurone, a component found in whole-grain products, on glucose-insulin metabolism and gut microbiome in untrained, healthy horses. The study revealed a significant correlation between increasing aleurone dosage and altered glucose-insulin responses, along with changes in gut microbiome composition, suggesting aleurone’s possible multifaceted impact on horse health.

Participant selection and Aleurone Dosage

  • Seven adult Standardbred horses were chosen for this study.
  • Over one week, the horses were supplemented with varying levels of aleurone (50, 100, 200, and 400 g/day).
  • A Latin square model was used for dosage distribution, with a 1-week wash out period between doses to minimize carryover effects.

Data Collection Methodology

  • Postprandial blood glucose-insulin levels were measured on the 7th day of each supplementation week.
  • Fecal samples were collected for microbiome analysis.
  • 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing was used, with QIIME2 software used to conduct microbiome analysis.
  • To assess the function of the microbial community, the predictive metagenome analysis tool PICRUSt was used, in conjunction with the Metacyc database of metabolic pathways.

Study Results

  • As the dosage of aleurone increased, there was a significant delay in peak time for glucose and insulin.
  • Insulin peak level and area under the curve (AUC) saw significant decreases as aleurone levels increased, with 200 g being the lowest significant dose.
  • Fecal microbiome diversity showed no noticeable changes.
  • Certain genera (Roseburia, Shuttleworthia, Anaerostipes, Faecalibacter, and Succinovibrionaceae) saw a significant decrease in relative abundance due to aleurone.
  • Significant changes in relative abundance at the phylum level were observed in downregulated Firmicutes and Verrucomicrobia and upregulated Bacteroidetes and Spirochaetes.
  • PICRUSt analysis revealed that aleurone supplementation led to downregulation of L-glutamate and taurine degradation pathways and an upregulation of steps involved in the phospholipid membrane synthesis of the Archaea domain.

Conclusions

  • The findings imply that aleurone has a broad impact on glucose-insulin metabolism, possibly due to its effect on feed texture and subsequent digestive processing.
  • A synergistic effect of the varying components of aleurone on glucose-insulin metabolism and microbiome composition and function was suggested.
  • This study demonstrates the potential beneficial impact of aleurone supplementation on horse health through influencing glucose-insulin responses and gut microbiome constitution.

Cite This Article

APA
Boshuizen B, Moreno de Vega CV, De Maré L, de Meeûs C, de Oliveira JE, Hosotani G, Gansemans Y, Deforce D, Van Nieuwerburgh F, Delesalle C. (2021). Effects of Aleurone Supplementation on Glucose-Insulin Metabolism and Gut Microbiome in Untrained Healthy Horses. Front Vet Sci, 8, 642809. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.642809

Publication

Frontiers in veterinary science
ISSN: 2297-1769
NlmUniqueID: 101666658
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 8
Pages: 642809
PII: 642809

Researcher Affiliations

Boshuizen, Berit
  • Research Group of Comparative Physiology, Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
  • Wolvega Equine Hospital, Oldeholtpade, Netherlands.
Moreno de Vega, Carmen Vidal
  • Research Group of Comparative Physiology, Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
De Maré, Lorie
  • Research Group of Comparative Physiology, Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
  • Department of Small Animals and Horses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
de Meeûs, Constance
  • Research Group of Comparative Physiology, Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
de Oliveira, Jean Eduardo
  • Cargill R&D Centre Europe, Vilvoorde, Belgium.
Hosotani, Guilherme
  • Cargill R&D Centre Europe, Vilvoorde, Belgium.
Gansemans, Yannick
  • Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
Deforce, Dieter
  • Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
Van Nieuwerburgh, Filip
  • Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
Delesalle, Catherine
  • Research Group of Comparative Physiology, Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.

Conflict of Interest Statement

JO and GH are employed by Cargill R&D Centre Europe. Cargill has exclusivity over distribution of aleurone for feed market in Europe produced according to patents held by Buhler Company. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

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Citations

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