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Effects of exercise on myokine gene expression in horse skeletal muscles.
Abstract: To examine the regulatory effects of exercise on myokine expression in horse skeletal muscle cells, we compared the expression of several myokine genes (interleukin 6 [IL-6], IL-8, chemokine [C-X-C motif] ligand 2 [CXCL2], and chemokine [C-C motif] ligand 4 [CCL4]) after a single bout of exercise in horses. Furthermore, to establish in vitro systems for the validation of exercise effects, we cultured horse skeletal muscle cells and confirmed the expression of these genes after treatment with hydrogen peroxide. Methods: The mRNA expression of IL-6, IL-8, CXCL2, and CCL4 after exercise in skeletal muscle tissue was confirmed using quantitative-reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reactions (qRT-PCR). We then extracted horse muscle cells from the skeletal muscle tissue of a neonatal Thoroughbred. Myokine expression after hydrogen peroxide treatments was confirmed using qRT-PCR in horse skeletal muscle cells. Results: IL-6, IL-8, CXCL2, and CCL4 expression in Thoroughbred and Jeju horse skeletal muscles significantly increased after exercise. We stably maintained horse skeletal muscle cells in culture and confirmed the expression of the myogenic marker, myoblast determination protein (MyoD). Moreover, myokine expression was validated using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-treated horse skeletal muscle cells. The patterns of myokine expression in muscle cells were found to be similar to those observed in skeletal muscle tissue. Conclusions: We confirmed that several myokines involved in inflammation were induced by exercise in horse skeletal muscle tissue. In addition, we successfully cultured horse skeletal muscle cells and established an in vitro system to validate associated gene expression and function. This study will provide a valuable system for studying the function of exercise-related genes in the future.
Publication Date: 2018-09-13 PubMed ID: 30208686PubMed Central: PMC6409466DOI: 10.5713/ajas.18.0375Google Scholar: Lookup The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
Summary
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This study investigates how exercise affects the expression of certain genes, known as myokines, in horse skeletal muscles by comparing gene expression after exercise and in muscle cells treated with hydrogen peroxide in a lab setting. It was demonstrated that exercise triggered the expression of several myokines linked to inflammation.
Research Methodology
- The study focused on the expression of four specific myokine genes—interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 8 (IL-8), chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 (CXCL2), and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 (CCL4).
- These genes’ expression was noted after these horses were subjected to a bout of exercise.
- In conjunction with this, horse skeletal muscle cells were lo lab conditions using hydrogen peroxide treatment to study these genes’ responses under designed stress conditions in vitro.
- Gene expression detection was done using quantitative-reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reactions (qRT-PCR) for both exercise in vivo and in the in vitro laboratory settings.
Key Findings
- The study reported an increase in IL-6, IL-8, CXCL2, and CCL4 expression in both the Thoroughbred and Jeju horse skeletal muscles following exercise.
- The study followed the study approach to create an in vitro model for studying the impact of stress conditions on horse skeletal muscle cells by culturing the muscle cells and exposing them to hydrogen peroxide.
- These lab-cultured muscle cells maintained the expression of MyoD, a myogenic marker, and proved satisfactory to substantiate the hydrogen peroxide-induced expression patterns resembling skeletal muscle tissue responses from exercise.
- This similarity confirmed that the laboratory method mirrored the physical responses observed in the horsed subjected to exercise realism in the natural environment.
Conclusions
- This study confirmed that horse skeletal muscle tissue expresses several inflammation-related myokines when induced by exercise.
- Researchers also successfully established a lab-based model system by culturing the horse skeletal muscle cells. This culture creates a vital methodology to monitor and analyse exercise-related gene expression and their functional validation under controlled conditions.
- Overall, this study’s findings and methodologies pave the path for future research to understand the complex genetic responses and their implications related to exercise in horses.
Cite This Article
APA
Lee HG, Choi JY, Park JW, Park TS, Song KD, Shin D, Cho BW.
(2018).
Effects of exercise on myokine gene expression in horse skeletal muscles.
Asian-Australas J Anim Sci, 32(3), 350-356.
https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.18.0375 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea.
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea.
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea.
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Institute of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea.
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Chonbuk National, University, Jeonju 54896, Korea.
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Chonbuk National, University, Jeonju 54896, Korea.
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea.
Grant Funding
- PJ01325701 / BioGreen 21
- 2017R1D1A1B03036432 / Rural Development Administration
Conflict of Interest Statement
. We certify that there is no conflict of interest with any financial organization regarding the material discussed in the manuscript.
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Citations
This article has been cited 7 times.- Park JW, Kim KH, Choi JK, Park TS, Song KD, Cho BW. Regulation of toll-like receptors expression in muscle cells by exercise-induced stress. Anim Biosci 2021 Oct;34(10):1590-1599.
- Khummuang S, Lee HG, Joo SS, Park JW, Choi JY, Oh JH, Kim KH, Youn HH, Kim M, Cho BW. Comparison for immunophysiological responses of Jeju and Thoroughbred horses after exercise. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2020 Mar;33(3):424-435.
- Kim DH, Lee HG, Sp N, Kang DY, Jang KJ, Lee HK, Cho BW, Yang YM. Validation of exercise-response genes in skeletal muscle cells of Thoroughbred racing horses. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2021 Jan 1;34(1):134-142.
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- Nowicka B, Torres A, Polkowska I, Jackow-Nowicka J, Przewozny M, Jackow-Malinowska J. Concentrations of Selected Adipocytokines in the Blood Plasma in Proximal Suspensory Desmopathy of Horses, with a Focus on Their Physical Activity-A Pilot Study. Int J Mol Sci 2023 Dec 22;25(1).
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