Effects of gamma radiation sterilization and strain rate on compressive behavior of equine cortical bone.
Abstract: Gamma radiation has been widely used for sterilization of bone allograft. However, sterilization by gamma radiation damages the material properties of bone which is a major clinical concern since bone allograft is used in load bearing applications. While the degree of this damage is well investigated for quasi-static and cyclic loading conditions, there does not appear any information on mechanical behavior of gamma-irradiated cortical bone at high speed loading conditions. In this study, the effects of gamma irradiation on high strain rate compressive behavior of equine cortical bone were investigated using a Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB). Quasi-static compression testing was also performed. Methods: Equine cortical bone tissue from 8year old retired racehorses was divided into two groups: non-irradiated and gamma-irradiated at 30kGy. Quasi-static and high strain rate compression tests were performed at average strain rates of 0.0045/s and 725/s, respectively. Results: Agreeing with previous results on the embrittlement of cortical bone when gamma-irradiated, the quasi-static results showed that gamma-irradiation significantly decreased ultimate strength (9%), ultimate strain (27%) and toughness (41%), while not having significant effect on modulus of elasticity, yield strain and resilience. More importantly, contrary to what is typically observed in quasi-static loading, the gamma-irradiated bone under high speed loading showed significantly higher modulus of elasticity (45%), ultimate strength (24%) and toughness (26%) than those of non-irradiated bone, although the failure was at a similar strain. Conclusions: Under high speed loading, the mechanical properties of bone allografts were not degraded by irradiation, in contrast to the degradation measured in this and prior studies under quasi-static loading. This result calls into question the assumption that bone allograft is always degraded by gamma irradiation, regardless of loading conditions. However, it needs further investigation to be translated positively in a clinical setting.
Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Publication Date: 2014-02-10 PubMed ID: 24607761DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2014.02.004Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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This research investigates the effects of gamma irradiation sterilization on horse bone behavior under compression, especially at high loading speeds, using a combination of static and high strain rate compression tests. The results challenge existing assumptions about the effects of gamma irradiation on bone grafts, suggesting that under high-speed loading, the properties of bone might not be as damaged as previously thought.
Methodology
- The researchers obtained equine cortical bone tissue from 8-year-old retired racehorses.
- The acquired bone tissue was divided into two groups: one group was subjected to gamma irradiation at 30 kGy, while the other group was left non-irradiated.
- The team conducted quasi-static and high strain rate compression tests on both groups at average strain rates of 0.0045/s and 725/s respectively.
Research Findings
- The study’s results are consistent with previous findings suggesting that gamma irradiation decreases the ultimate strength (9%), ultimate strain (27%), and toughness (41%) of the bone.
- However, it was observed that the process does not significantly impact the modulus of elasticity, yield strain, and resilience of the bone.
- Contrary to common findings with quasi-static loading, gamma-irradiated bone subjected to high-speed loading had higher modulus of elasticity (45%), ultimate strength (24%), and toughness (26%) as compared to non-irradiated bone.
- The failure occurred at a similar strain for both gamma-irradiated and non-irradiated bones under high-speed loading.
Conclusions
- This study challenges the general assumption that gamma irradiation always degrades bone grafts, regardless of the loading conditions.
- Under high-speed loading, the mechanical properties of bone allografts did not degrade as much as previously thought, contradicting the results seen under quasi-static loading.
- However, further investigation is required to explore how these results can be translated into a clinical setting.
Cite This Article
APA
Tüfekci K, Kayacan R, Kurbanoğlu C.
(2014).
Effects of gamma radiation sterilization and strain rate on compressive behavior of equine cortical bone.
J Mech Behav Biomed Mater, 34, 231-242.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmbbm.2014.02.004 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Süleyman Demirel University, 32260 Isparta, Turkey. Electronic address: kenantufekci@sdu.edu.tr.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Süleyman Demirel University, 32260 Isparta, Turkey. Electronic address: ramazankayacan@sdu.edu.tr.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, İstanbul Medeniyet University, Göztepe Kadıköy - İstanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: cahit.kurbanoglu@medeniyet.edu.tr.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Bone and Bones / physiology
- Bone and Bones / radiation effects
- Elasticity
- Gamma Rays / adverse effects
- Horses
- Humans
- Materials Testing
- Sterilization
- Stress, Mechanical
Citations
This article has been cited 4 times.- Amelia F, Abbas B, Darwis D, Estuningsih S, Noviana D. Effects of bone types, particle sizes, and gamma irradiation doses in feline demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft.. Vet World 2020 Aug;13(8):1536-1543.
- Pendleton MM, Emerzian SR, Liu J, Tang SY, O'Connell GD, Alwood JS, Keaveny TM. Effects of ex vivo ionizing radiation on collagen structure and whole-bone mechanical properties of mouse vertebrae.. Bone 2019 Nov;128:115043.
- Kurtulus K, Tüfekci K. Empirical study of alginate impression materials by customized proportioning system.. J Adv Prosthodont 2016 Oct;8(5):372-379.
- Islam A, Chapin K, Moore E, Ford J, Rimnac C, Akkus O. Gamma Radiation Sterilization Reduces the High-cycle Fatigue Life of Allograft Bone.. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2016 Mar;474(3):827-35.
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