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PloS one2021; 16(5); e0251512; doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251512

Effects of Gasterophilus pecorum infestation on the intestinal microbiota of the rewilded Przewalski’s horses in China.

Abstract: Horse botflies have been a threat to the Przewalski's horses in the Kalamaili Nature Reserve in Xinjiang of China since their reintroduction to the original range. As larvae of these parasites could infest the intestine of a horse for months, they could interact with and alter the structure and composition of its intestinal microbiota, affecting adversely its health. Nonetheless, there are no such studies on the rewilded Przewalski's horses yet. For the first time, this study characterizes the composition of the intestinal microbiota of 7 rewilded Przewalski's horses infected severely by Gasterophilus pecorum following and prior to their anthelmintic treatment. Bioinformatics analyses of the sequence data obtained by amplicon high throughput sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA genes showed that G. pecorum infestation significantly increased the richness of the intestinal microbial community but not its diversity. Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were found the dominant phyla as in other animals, and the parasitic infestation decreased the F/B ratio largely by over 50%. Large reduction in relative abundances of the two genera Streptococcus and Lactobacillus observed with G. pecorum infestation suggested possible changes in colic and digestion related conditions of the infected horses. Variations on the relative abundance of the genus groups known to be pathogenic or symbiotic showed that adverse impact of the G. pecorum infestation could be associated with reduction of the symbiotic genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium that are probiotics and able to promote immunity against parasitic infection.
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Publication Date: 2021-05-11 PubMed ID: 33974667PubMed Central: PMC8112688DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251512Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Comparative Study
  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research focuses on understanding the effects of Gasterophilus pecorum infestation, a horse botfly, on the intestinal microbiota of the rewilded Przewalski’s horses in China. The study is significant as it reveals for the first time, the changes in the host’s intestinal microbial community due to parasitic infestation.

Study Objectives and Methodology

  • The study aimed to evaluate the effects of G. pecorum infestation on the microbiota in the intestines of the rewilded Przewalski’s horses specifically in the Kalamaili Nature Reserve.
  • The study targeted 7 rewilded Przewalski’s horses, infected severely with G. pecorum, and analyzed their intestinal microbiota structure both pre and post anthelmintic treatment.
  • Through the use of amplicon high throughput sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA genes, the researchers provided a bioinformatics analysis of the sequence data obtained.

Key Findings

  • The study found a significant increase in the richness of the intestinal microbial community due to G. pecorum infestation, but it did not affect the diversity of the microbial community.
  • In both the infested and non-infested horses, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were found to be the dominant phyla. The study found that parasitic infestation led to a large decrease in the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes (F/B ratio) by over 50%.
  • The study found a large decrease in the relative abundance of two genera, Streptococcus and Lactobacillus, suggesting possible changes in colic and digestion-related conditions of the infected horses.
  • There were variations in the relative abundance of certain groups of genus, understood to be either pathogenic or symbiotic, indicating that the adverse impact of G. pecorum infestation could be linked with the reduction of the symbiotic genera – Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. These two genera are known to promote immunity against parasitic infection.

Conclusion

  • This study for the first time gives an insight into the changes in the intestinal microbiota of rewilded Przewalski’s horses due to horse botfly infestation, indicating a possible negative effect on horse health. The findings serve as a foundation for future targeted treatments and preservation strategies.

Cite This Article

APA
Hu D, Chao Y, Zhang B, Wang C, Qi Y, Ente M, Zhang D, Li K, Mok KM. (2021). Effects of Gasterophilus pecorum infestation on the intestinal microbiota of the rewilded Przewalski’s horses in China. PLoS One, 16(5), e0251512. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251512

Publication

PloS one
ISSN: 1932-6203
NlmUniqueID: 101285081
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 16
Issue: 5
Pages: e0251512
PII: e0251512

Researcher Affiliations

Hu, Dini
  • School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.
Chao, Yuzhu
  • School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.
Zhang, Boru
  • Qinhuangdao Forestry Bureau, Qinhuangdao, China.
Wang, Chen
  • Altay Management Station of Mt. Kalamaili Ungulate Nature Reserve, Altay, China.
Qi, Yingjie
  • Altay Management Station of Mt. Kalamaili Ungulate Nature Reserve, Altay, China.
Ente, Make
  • Xinjiang Research Centre for Breeding Przewalski's Horse, Urumqi, China.
Zhang, Dong
  • School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.
Li, Kai
  • School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.
Mok, Kai Meng
  • Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Macau, Macao, China.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Animals, Wild
  • Antiparasitic Agents / therapeutic use
  • China
  • DNA, Bacterial / isolation & purification
  • Diptera / growth & development
  • Feces / microbiology
  • Feces / parasitology
  • Gastrointestinal Microbiome
  • Horse Diseases / drug therapy
  • Horse Diseases / microbiology
  • Horse Diseases / parasitology
  • Horses / microbiology
  • Horses / parasitology
  • Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic / drug therapy
  • Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic / microbiology
  • Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic / parasitology
  • Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic / veterinary
  • Ivermectin / therapeutic use
  • Lactobacillus / isolation & purification
  • Lactobacillus / physiology
  • Larva
  • Myiasis / drug therapy
  • Myiasis / microbiology
  • Myiasis / veterinary
  • Streptococcus / isolation & purification
  • Streptococcus / physiology
  • Symbiosis

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

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