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Home / Equine Research Bank / BMC Vet Res / Effects of stanozolol on normal and IL-1β-stimulated e...
BMC veterinary research2018; 14(1); 103; doi: 10.1186/s12917-018-1426-z

Effects of stanozolol on normal and IL-1β-stimulated equine chondrocytes in vitro.

Abstract: Intra-articular administration of stanozolol has shown promising results by improving the clinical management of lameness associated with naturally-occurring osteoarthritis (OA) in horses, and by decreasing osteophyte formation and subchondral bone reaction in sheep following surgically induced OA. However, there is limited evidence on the anti-inflammatory and modulatory properties of stanozolol on articular tissues. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effects of stanozolol on chondrocyte viability and gene expression in normal equine chondrocytes and an inflammatory in vitro system of OA (interleukin-1β (IL-1β) treated chondrocytes). Results: Chondrocytes from normal metacarpophalangeal joints of skeletally mature horses were exposed to four treatment groups: (1) media only (2) media+IL-1β (3) media+IL-1β + stanozolol (4) media+stanozolol. Following exposure, chondrocyte viability and the expression of catabolic, anabolic and structural genes were determined. General linear models with Dunnet's comparisons with Bonferroni's adjustment were performed. Cell viability was similar in all groups. Stanozolol treatment reduced gene expression of MMP-13, MMP-1, IL-6 and COX-2 in both normal and IL-1β treated chondrocytes. Stanozolol treatment reduced ADAMTS4 gene expression in normal chondrocytes. Stanozolol reduced the expression of COL2A1. Conclusions: The current study demonstrates stanozolol has chondroprotective effects through downregulation of genes for pro-inflammatory/catabolic cytokines and enzymes associated with OA. However, there is no evidence of increased cartilage stimulation through upregulation of the anabolic and structural genes tested.
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Publication Date: 2018-03-20 PubMed ID: 29554899PubMed Central: PMC5859414DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1426-zGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research investigates the effect of stanozolol on the viability and gene expression in normal and inflamed horse cartilage cells. The study concludes that stanozolol has protective effects on cartilage, reducing gene expression related to inflammation and osteoarthritis, but does not increase cartilage stimulation.

Objective of the Study

  • The aim of this research was to investigate the influence of stanozolol on the viability (or life expectancy) of chondrocytes, which are special cells found in cartilage, as well as its effect on gene expression in both normal and inflamed horse cartilage cells. The inflammation was simulated using interleukin-1β (IL-1β), a type of protein produced by the immune system in response to inflammation.

Methods of the Study

  • The researchers extracted chondrocytes from the metacarpophalangeal joints (part of the horse’s leg) of skeletally mature horses and divided them into four different treatment groups. These were: media only, media plus IL-1β, media plus IL-1β plus stanozolol, and media plus stanozolol.
  • The viability of the cells in each group and their gene expression were afterward assessed.

Results of the Study

  • The findings showed that cell viability remained constant across all groups. However, stanozolol treatment led to a reduction in the gene expression of certain components such as MMP-13, MMP-1, IL-6, and COX-2 in both normal and IL-1β treated chondrocytes. These components are known to play a role in inflammation and cartilage degradation in osteoarthritis.
  • Stanozolol treatment also lessened ADAMTS4 gene expression in normal chondrocytes. This gene plays a key role in the breakdown of cartilage during osteoarthritis.
  • Stanozolol reduced the expression of COL2A1, which encodes the protein collagen, a major component of cartilage.

Conclusions of the Study

  • The study supports the hypothesis that stanozolol has a chondroprotective effect—meaning it helps to protect cartilage—by downregulating the genes for pro-inflammatory/catabolic cytokines and enzymes associated with osteoarthritis.
  • However, the study found no evidence to suggest that stanozolol increases cartilage stimulation through upregulation of the anabolic and structural genes tested.

Cite This Article

APA
Castro Martins M, Peffers MJ, Lee K, Rubio-Martinez LM. (2018). Effects of stanozolol on normal and IL-1β-stimulated equine chondrocytes in vitro. BMC Vet Res, 14(1), 103. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-018-1426-z

Publication

BMC veterinary research
ISSN: 1746-6148
NlmUniqueID: 101249759
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 14
Issue: 1
Pages: 103
PII: 103

Researcher Affiliations

Castro Martins, Mariana
  • Department of Equine Clinical Studies, Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Chester High Road, Neston, CH64 7TE, UK. mcm@liverpool.ac.uk.
Peffers, Mandy J
  • Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
Lee, Katie
  • Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
Rubio-Martinez, Luis M
  • Department of Equine Clinical Studies, Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Chester High Road, Neston, CH64 7TE, UK.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Anti-Inflammatory Agents / pharmacology
  • Chondrocytes / drug effects
  • Horse Diseases / drug therapy
  • Horses
  • In Vitro Techniques
  • Interleukin-1beta / pharmacology
  • Lameness, Animal / drug therapy
  • Osteoarthritis / drug therapy
  • Osteoarthritis / veterinary
  • Stanozolol / pharmacology

Grant Funding

  • Wellcome Trust
  • MR/P020941/1 / Medical Research Council
  • 107471/Z/15/Z / Wellcome Trust Intermediate Clinical Fellowship
  • VET039-VSRP / Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool

Conflict of Interest Statement

ETHICS APPROVAL AND CONSENT TO PARTICIPATE: Tissue samples from deceased horses euthanized for reasons unrelated to this study were collected from an abattoir as a by-product of the agricultural industry. The Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986, Schedule 2, does not define collection from these sources as scientific procedures and ethical approval was therefore not required. CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION: Not applicable. COMPETING INTERESTS: The authors declare that they have no competing interests. PUBLISHER’S NOTE: Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

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