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Home / Equine Research Bank / PLoS One / Effects of telemetry collars on two free-roaming feral equid...
PloS one2024; 19(5); e0303312; doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303312

Effects of telemetry collars on two free-roaming feral equid species.

Abstract: There are two species of free-roaming feral equids in North America: horses (Equus caballus) and donkeys or "burros" (E. asinus). Both species were introduced as domestic animals to North America in the early 1500s and currently inhabit rangelands across the western United States, Canada, and all continents except Antarctica. Despite their global distribution, little is known about their fine scale spatial ecology. Contemporary research tools to assess space use include global positioning system (GPS) tracking collars, but older models were problematic due to stiff collar belting causing poor fit. We tested modern designs of GPS collars on n = 105 horses and n = 60 burros for 4 years in five populations (3 horse, 2 burro) across the western United States, to assess whether collars posed welfare risks to horses or burros. We found no difference in survival of collared versus uncollared mares and jennies, and no difference in survival of their foals. In 4036 of 4307 observations for horses (93.7%) and 2115 of 2258 observations for burros (93.6%), collars were observed symmetrical, maintaining proper fit on the neck. Fur effects from collars (sweaty neck, indented fur, broken fur) were seen in 3% of horse observations and 25% of burro observations. Superficial effects (chafes and marks on skin surface) were seen in 2% of horse observations and 11% of burro observations; no severe effects from collars were seen. Body condition was not affected by collars; mean body condition of collared horses was 4.70 ± 0.54 (mean ± s.d) and 4.71 ± 0.65 for collared burros. Behavior results indicated minimal effects; collared horses stood slightly more than uncollared, and collared burros stood and foraged more in one population, but not in the other. For 6.3% of observations of horses and 6.4% of observations of burros, we found an effect of time wearing a collar on the cumulative sum of fur effects which increased over time (burros: rs = 0.87, P = <0.0001; horses: rs = 0.31, P = 0.002). Burros also showed an increase over time in the number of superficial effects, but horses did not. Collars occasionally moved into the wrong position, shifting forward over the ears; we observed this on 19 horses and 1 burro. Of those, most collars went over the ears in summer (n = 12). All collars were equipped with a remote release mechanism as well as a timed-release mechanism for redundancy, thus removed when observed in wrong position to avoid rubbing or discomfort. Our finding of no consequential physical effects in 98% of horse observations, and 89% of burro observations suggests the consequences of collars on free-roaming equid welfare and survival is biologically insignificant, although collars should be monitored regularly and continue to be equipped with a remote release mechanism to remove a collar if needed. With frequent welfare-driven, visual monitoring, collaring of free-roaming equids can be a safe and useful tool to increase our understanding of their spatial ecology, demography, habitat use, behavior, and interactions with other wildlife.
Copyright: This is an open access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose. The work is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 public domain dedication.
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Publication Date: 2024-05-30 PubMed ID: 38814957PubMed Central: PMC11139308DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303312Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The paper outlines a scientific study that tested modern GPS collars on free-roaming feral horses and donkeys to monitor ecological activity. They found the use of these collars did not significantly impact the well-being or survival of these animals.

Study Context and Methodology

  • The research involved testing on two species of indigenous North American equids: horses (Equus caballus) and donkeys, also known as “burros” (E. asinus).
  • The need for the study arose as there is limited knowledge on these animals’ spatial ecology, despite a widespread global presence.
  • The research team used modern GPS tracking collars to collect data, comparing their impact on 105 horses and 60 donkeys over a span of four years.
  • The study focused on assessing whether these collars posed any threat to the wellbeing of the animals.

Results and Findings

  • The researchers observed negligible differences in survival rates between collared and uncollared mares, jennies, and their foals.
  • They also found no distinct consequence in the body condition for both collared donkeys and horses.
  • Effects such as sweaty neck, indented fur, or broken fur were observed in just 3% of horse and 25% of burro observations. Superficial effects were found in even smaller percentages.
  • Changes in behavior due to the collars were minimal. Collared horses stood up slightly more, and in one population, collared donkeys stood and foraged more – but this was not seen in another donkey population.
  • For a minority of instances (6.3% of horse observations and 6.4% of burro observations), the cumulative sum of fur effects increased over time due to collar wearing.

Conclusions and Implications

  • No severe effects from collars were found, but a handful of incidents where collars moved over the ears were observed. All these collars were equipped with a remote release mechanism, allowing for removal to avoid discomfort.
  • They concluded that collars on animals had minimal health impact, affecting neither horses (98%) nor donkeys (89%) significantly.
  • The research suggests the use of collars on free-roaming equids is biologically insignificant with regular monitoring, and with a remote release mechanism to remove a collar if needed.
  • The results imply that GPS collar tracking can be a safe and useful method for understanding the spatial ecology, demography, habitat use, behavior, and relations with other wildlife of such animal groups.

Cite This Article

APA
Schoenecker KA, King SRB, Hennig JD, Cole MJ, Scasta JD, Beck JL. (2024). Effects of telemetry collars on two free-roaming feral equid species. PLoS One, 19(5), e0303312. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0303312

Publication

PloS one
ISSN: 1932-6203
NlmUniqueID: 101285081
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 19
Issue: 5
Pages: e0303312
PII: e0303312

Researcher Affiliations

Schoenecker, Kathryn A
  • U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America.
King, Sarah R B
  • Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America.
Hennig, Jacob D
  • University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, United States of America.
  • University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States of America.
Cole, Mary J
  • Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America.
Scasta, J Derek
  • University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, United States of America.
Beck, Jeffrey L
  • University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, United States of America.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Telemetry
  • Equidae / physiology
  • Geographic Information Systems
  • Horses
  • Female
  • Male

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

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