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Equine veterinary journal2002; 33(7); 637-643; doi: 10.2746/042516401776249354

Efficacy of a cold-adapted, intranasal, equine influenza vaccine: challenge trials.

Abstract: A randomised, controlled, double-blind, influenza virus, aerosol challenge of horses was undertaken to determine the efficacy of a cold-adapted, temperature sensitive, modified-live virus, intranasal, equine influenza vaccine. Ninety 11-month-old influenza-naïve foals were assigned randomly to 3 groups (20 vaccinates and 10 controls per group) and challenged 5 weeks, 6 and 12 months after a single vaccination. Challenges were performed on Day 0 in a plastic-lined chamber. Between Days 1 and 10, animals were examined daily for evidence of clinical signs of influenza. Nasal swabs for virus isolation were obtained on Day 1 and Days 1 to 8 and blood samples for serology were collected on Days 1, 7 and 14. There was no adverse response to vaccination in any animal. Following challenge at 5 weeks and 6 months, vaccinates had significantly lower clinical scores (P = 0.0001 and 0.005, respectively), experienced smaller increases in rectal temperature (P = 0.0008 and 0.0007, respectively) and shed less virus (P<0.0001 and P = 0.03, respectively) over fewer days (P<0.0001 and P = 0.002, respectively) than did the controls. After the 12 month challenge, rectal temperatures (P = 0.006) as well as the duration (P = 0.03) and concentration of virus shed (P = 0.04) were significantly reduced among vaccinated animals. The results of this study showed that 6 months after a single dose of vaccine the duration and severity of clinical signs were markedly reduced amongst vaccinated animals exposed to a severe live-virus challenge. Appropriate use of this vaccine should lead to a marked reduction in the frequency, severity and duration of outbreaks of equine influenza in North America.
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Publication Date: 2002-01-05 PubMed ID: 11770983DOI: 10.2746/042516401776249354Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Clinical Trial
  • Journal Article
  • Randomized Controlled Trial
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research investigates the effectiveness of a cold-adapted, intranasal, equine influenza vaccine on horses. The results suggested that using the vaccine could drastically decrease the duration and severity of clinical signs among vaccinated animals subjected to a severe live-virus challenge.

Study Design and Experiment Procedure

  • The methodology involved a randomised, controlled, double-blind, influenza virus, aerosol challenge of horses. The objective was to determine the effectiveness of a cold-adapted, temperature-sensitive, modified-live virus, intranasal, equine influenza vaccine.
  • Ninety 11-month-old foals were randomly distributed into three groups with 20 being vaccinated, and 10 as controls, for each group. The challenge was conducted at 5 weeks, 6 and 12 months after a single vaccination.
  • In the procedure, the challenge was carried out on the first day in a plastic-lined chamber. Afterwards, between Days 1 and 10, animals underwent daily examinations for signs of flu. Nasal swabs for viral isolation were collected on Day 1 and the first eight days. Additionally, blood samples were collected for serology analysis on Days 1, 7 and 14.

Findings and Interpretation

  • There were no adverse responses to vaccination noted in any animal. Following the challenges at 5 weeks and 6 months, vaccinated horses had significantly lower clinical scores, lesser increases in rectal temperature, and shed less virus over fewer days as compared to the control groups.
  • Similar outcomes were reported after the 12-month challenge where the vaccinated animals showed significant reduction in rectal temperatures, duration, and concentration of the virus shed.
  • In summary, the study showed that six months after a single dose of the specified vaccine, the duration and severity of clinical signs were substantially reduced in vaccinated animals, after they were exposed to a severe live-virus challenge.

Study Impact

  • The findings of this research indicate the potential efficacy of this vaccine in reducing the frequency, severity, and duration of equine influenza outbreaks in North America.
  • The appropriate use of the vaccine could significantly improve the health of horses by reducing the impact of equine influenza. It also supports the potential to control and protect horse populations from influenza outbreaks.

Cite This Article

APA
Townsend HG, Penner SJ, Watts TC, Cook A, Bogdan J, Haines DM, Griffin S, Chambers T, Holland RE, Whitaker-Dowling P, Youngner JS, Sebring RW. (2002). Efficacy of a cold-adapted, intranasal, equine influenza vaccine: challenge trials. Equine Vet J, 33(7), 637-643. https://doi.org/10.2746/042516401776249354

Publication

Equine veterinary journal
ISSN: 0425-1644
NlmUniqueID: 0173320
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 33
Issue: 7
Pages: 637-643

Researcher Affiliations

Townsend, H G
  • Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.
Penner, S J
    Watts, T C
      Cook, A
        Bogdan, J
          Haines, D M
            Griffin, S
              Chambers, T
                Holland, R E
                  Whitaker-Dowling, P
                    Youngner, J S
                      Sebring, R W

                        MeSH Terms

                        • Administration, Intranasal
                        • Animals
                        • Animals, Newborn
                        • Antibodies, Viral / blood
                        • Body Temperature
                        • Cold Temperature
                        • Double-Blind Method
                        • Horse Diseases / immunology
                        • Horse Diseases / prevention & control
                        • Horses
                        • Influenza A virus / immunology
                        • Influenza A virus / isolation & purification
                        • Influenza Vaccines / administration & dosage
                        • Influenza Vaccines / immunology
                        • Influenza Vaccines / standards
                        • Nasal Mucosa / virology
                        • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / immunology
                        • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / prevention & control
                        • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / veterinary
                        • Time Factors
                        • Treatment Outcome
                        • Vaccination / veterinary
                        • Vaccines, Attenuated / immunology
                        • Vaccines, Attenuated / standards
                        • Virus Shedding

                        Citations

                        This article has been cited 21 times.
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