Efficacy of major anthelmintics against horse cyathostomins in France.
Abstract: This paper reports a survey conducted in France during 2011 to evaluate the efficacy of commonly used anthelmintics against horse cyathostomins. A total of 40 farms and 1089 horses were screened for the presence of cyathostomins. All farms but one were positive, with an overall animal infection rate of 53.7%, ranging from 9% to 83% on individual farms. On 445 horses from 30 of these farms, a faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) was performed to evaluate the efficacy of oral formulations of fenbendazole (FBZ), pyrantel embonate (PYR), ivermectin (IVM) and moxidectin (MOX). Calculation of the mean FECR and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) around the mean was performed using bootstrap analysis. Resistance to FBZ was found on 17 of 18 farms investigated, with a mean reduction of 57% (95% CI: 38.5-71.2%). Suspected resistance for PYR was found on 6 of 30 farms, and confirmed on another 3 of 30 farms, with a mean reduction for PYR of 94.7% (95% CI: 88.9-98.5%). Reduced efficacy simultaneously of FBZ and PYR was found in 7 farms. Reduced efficacy of IVM was found in one animal on one farm and of MOX in one animal on another farm, and was combined with resistance against FBZ and/or PYR. These results indicate that single and multiple drug resistance and reduced efficacy in equine cyathostomins is present in France. Macrocylic lactones proved to be highly effective compounds against cyathostomins, with reduced efficacy for IVM and MOX in two farms only. These results extend present knowledge on the occurrence of drug resistant cyathostomins in Europe, and illustrate the necessity to use anthelmintics in appropriate worm control programmes.
Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Publication Date: 2012-04-03 PubMed ID: 22538094DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2012.03.048Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary
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This research article focuses on evaluating the effectiveness of major anthelmintics, a type of medicine used to treat parasitic worm infestations, against horse cyathostomins in France. The study, conducted in 2011, found that the majority of the farms surveyed had instances of resistance to these treatments, highlighting the need for appropriate worm control programs.
Study Methodology and Findings
- The researchers surveyed 40 farms and 1,089 horses in France to assess the presence of cyathostomins, a type of parasitic worm that affects horses.
- Cyathostomins were found in nearly all the surveyed farms with an infection rate of 53.7% among the horses.
- To measure the efficacy of commonly used anthelmintics, a faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) was performed on 445 horses from 30 of the surveyed farms.
- The anthelmintics tested were oral formulations of fenbendazole (FBZ), pyrantel embonate (PYR), ivermectin (IVM), and moxidectin (MOX).
Efficacy of Tested Anthelmintics
- Resistance to FBZ was found in 17 out of 18 tested farms, with an average reduction rate of 57%.
- Suspected resistance to PYR was found in 6 farms, and confirmed in another 3, with a mean reduction for PYR of 94.7%.
- In 7 farms, diminished efficacy of both FBZ and PYR was found simultaneously.
- Reduced effectiveness of IVM was found in one horse on one farm, and of MOX in one horse on another farm. This reduction in efficacy was combined with resistance against FBZ and/or PYR.
- Both IVM and MOX showed reduced efficacy in only 2 farms, suggesting that macrocyclic lactones, a class of anthelmintics to which both belong, remain largely effective against cyathostomins.
Conclusions and Implications
- These results indicate the existence of both single and multiple drug resistance and reduced effectiveness in equine cyathostomins in France.
- Despite this, macrocyclic lactones proved to be highly effective compounds against these parasitic worms.
- The study underscores the importance of employing appropriate parasite control programs to fight against the growing problem of drug-resistant cyathostomins in Europe.
Cite This Article
APA
Traversa D, Castagna G, von Samson-Himmelstjerna G, Meloni S, Bartolini R, Geurden T, Pearce MC, Woringer E, Besognet B, Milillo P, D'Espois M.
(2012).
Efficacy of major anthelmintics against horse cyathostomins in France.
Vet Parasitol, 188(3-4), 294-300.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2012.03.048 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Teramo, Italy. dtraversa@unite.it
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Anthelmintics / pharmacology
- Anthelmintics / therapeutic use
- Drug Resistance
- Fenbendazole / pharmacology
- Fenbendazole / therapeutic use
- France
- Horses
- Ivermectin / pharmacology
- Ivermectin / therapeutic use
- Macrolides / pharmacology
- Macrolides / therapeutic use
- Parasite Egg Count / veterinary
- Pyrantel Pamoate / pharmacology
- Pyrantel Pamoate / therapeutic use
- Strongyle Infections, Equine / drug therapy
- Strongyle Infections, Equine / parasitology
- Strongyloidea / drug effects
- Treatment Outcome
Citations
This article has been cited 16 times.- Dauparaitė E, Kupčinskas T, Varady M, Petkevičius S. Anthelmintic resistance of horse strongyle nematodes to fenbendazole in Lithuania.. Acta Vet Scand 2022 Sep 15;64(1):26.
- Malsa J, Courtot É, Boisseau M, Dumont B, Gombault P, Kuzmina TA, Basiaga M, Lluch J, Annonay G, Dhorne-Pollet S, Mach N, Sutra JF, Wimel L, Dubois C, Guégnard F, Serreau D, Lespine A, Sallé G, Fleurance G. Effect of sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) on cyathostomin eggs excretion, larval development, larval community structure and efficacy of ivermectin treatment in horses.. Parasitology 2022 Sep;149(11):1439-1449.
- Jürgenschellert L, Krücken J, Bousquet E, Bartz J, Heyer N, Nielsen MK, von Samson-Himmelstjerna G. Occurrence of Strongylid Nematode Parasites on Horse Farms in Berlin and Brandenburg, Germany, With High Seroprevalence of Strongylus vulgaris Infection.. Front Vet Sci 2022;9:892920.
- Nápravníková J, Várady M, Vadlejch J. Total Failure of Fenbendazole to Control Strongylid Infections in Czech Horse Operations.. Front Vet Sci 2022;9:833204.
- Dauparaitė E, Kupčinskas T, von Samson-Himmelstjerna G, Petkevičius S. Anthelmintic resistance of horse strongyle nematodes to ivermectin and pyrantel in Lithuania.. Acta Vet Scand 2021 Jan 25;63(1):5.
- Tang L, Xiu Y, Yan L, Cui Y, Ma X, Ente M, Zhang Y, Li K, Zhang D. Drug Efficacy of Ivermectin Against Primary Nematodes Parasitizing Captive Przewalski's Horse (Equus Ferus Przewalskii) after Ten Years of Annually Treatment.. Helminthologia 2020 Mar;57(1):57-62.
- Forteau L, Dumont B, Sallé G, Bigot G, Fleurance G. Horses grazing with cattle have reduced strongyle egg count due to the dilution effect and increased reliance on macrocyclic lactones in mixed farms.. Animal 2020 May;14(5):1076-1082.
- Crotch-Harvey L, Thomas LA, Worgan HJ, Douglas JL, Gilby DE, McEwan NR. The effect of administration of fenbendazole on the microbial hindgut population of the horse.. J Equine Sci 2018;29(2):47-51.
- Sanna G, Pipia AP, Tamponi C, Manca R, Varcasia A, Traversa D, Scala A. Anthelmintics efficacy against intestinal strongyles in horses of Sardinia, Italy.. Parasite Epidemiol Control 2016 Jun;1(2):15-19.
- Sallé G, Kornaś S, Basiaga M. Equine strongyle communities are constrained by horse sex and species dipersal-fecundity trade-off.. Parasit Vectors 2018 May 2;11(1):279.
- Molena RA, Peachey LE, Di Cesare A, Traversa D, Cantacessi C. Cyathostomine egg reappearance period following ivermectin treatment in a cohort of UK Thoroughbreds.. Parasit Vectors 2018 Jan 25;11(1):61.
- Sallé G, Cortet J, Bois I, Dubès C, Guyot-Sionest Q, Larrieu C, Landrin V, Majorel G, Wittreck S, Woringer E, Couroucé A, Guillot J, Jacquiet P, Guégnard F, Blanchard A, Leblond A. Risk factor analysis of equine strongyle resistance to anthelmintics.. Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist 2017 Dec;7(3):407-415.
- Zak A, Siwinska N, Slowikowska M, Borowicz H, Kubiak K, Hildebrand J, Popiolek M, Niedzwiedz A. Searching for ivermectin resistance in a Strongylidae population of horses stabled in Poland.. BMC Vet Res 2017 Jul 3;13(1):210.
- Sallé G, Cabaret J. A survey on parasite management by equine veterinarians highlights the need for a regulation change.. Vet Rec Open 2015;2(2):e000104.
- Fischer JK, Hinney B, Denwood MJ, Traversa D, von Samson-Himmelstjerna G, Clausen PH. Efficacy of selected anthelmintic drugs against cyathostomins in horses in the federal state of Brandenburg, Germany.. Parasitol Res 2015 Dec;114(12):4441-50.
- Matthews JB. Anthelmintic resistance in equine nematodes.. Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist 2014 Dec;4(3):310-5.
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