Efficacy of trivalent inactivated encephalomyelitis virus vaccine in horses.
Abstract: Twenty-nine horses were vaccinated with a trivalent (Venezuelan, eastern, and western) inactivated equine encephalomyelitis virus vaccine. The vaccine purchased for this study was the only one licensed and commercially available in May, 1975. Plaque-neutralizing and hemagglutinin-inhibiting antibodies in response to each of the 3 equine encephalomyelitis viruses were determined after vaccination. Horses had rising levels of plaque-neutralizing and hemagglutinin-inhibiting antibodies shortly after injection with the 1st and 2nd doses of the vaccine (given 3 weeks apart) and were refractory to challenge of immunity with virulent homologous virus at 3, 8, and 12 months after vaccination. After 12 months, 8 horses were revaccinated; maximum antigenic stimulation was achieved with the 1st dose of the 2nd series of vaccinations.
Publication Date: 1978-04-01 PubMed ID: 646197
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- Journal Article
Summary
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The researchers studied the effectiveness of a licensed trivalent equine encephalomyelitis virus vaccine in 29 horses, which induced immunity for at least a year after administered in two doses, three weeks apart. The vaccine efficacy was monitored through attesting the levels of specific antibodies, and the horses showed successful immune response to virulent virus exposure even after 12 months of vaccination.
Study Overview
- Researchers conducted a study on 29 horses to test the efficacy of a trivalent (targeting Venezuelan, eastern, and western strains) equine encephalomyelitis virus vaccine.
- The vaccine used was the only licensed and commercially available product in May 1975.
- The response to vaccination was evaluated by measuring the production of plaque-neutralizing and hemagglutinin-inhibiting antibodies targeting the three types of encephalomyelitis virus.
Vaccine Response and Efficacy
- The horses developed higher levels of these antibodies after the first and second dose of the vaccine, which were administered three weeks apart.
- The study found that the horses were immune to the challenge of immunity with virulent homologous virus at 3, 8, and 12 months after being vaccinated, indicating the vaccine’s efficacy in providing prolonged immunity.
Revaccination and Antigenic Stimulation
- Twelve months after the initial vaccination, the researchers revaccinated eight of the horses.
- The maximum antigenic stimulation, or the maximum immune response, was seen after the first dose of this second round of vaccinations.
- This suggests that a secondary series of vaccinations may further boost immune response, though more research would be necessary to confirm this finding and its implications.
Conclusion
- The study confirms the efficacy of the trivalent equine encephalomyelitis virus vaccine in horses, with a robust and lasting immune response observed for at least a year after vaccination.
- The vaccine prompted an increase in plaque-neutralizing and hemagglutinin-inhibiting antibodies, demonstrating the body’s immune response to the vaccine.
- The study could have significant implications for disease prevention and control strategies among equine populations.
Cite This Article
APA
Barber TL, Walton TE, Lewis KJ.
(1978).
Efficacy of trivalent inactivated encephalomyelitis virus vaccine in horses.
Am J Vet Res, 39(4), 621-625.
Publication
Researcher Affiliations
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral / analysis
- Encephalitis Virus, Eastern Equine / immunology
- Encephalitis Virus, Venezuelan Equine / immunology
- Encephalitis Virus, Western Equine / immunology
- Encephalitis Viruses / immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Equine / prevention & control
- Encephalomyelitis, Equine / veterinary
- Encephalomyelitis, Venezuelan Equine / prevention & control
- Encephalomyelitis, Venezuelan Equine / veterinary
- Female
- Horse Diseases / prevention & control
- Horses
- Male
- Viral Vaccines / administration & dosage
- Viral Vaccines / standards
Citations
This article has been cited 10 times.- Skidmore AM, Bradfute SB. The life cycle of the alphaviruses: From an antiviral perspective.. Antiviral Res 2023 Jan;209:105476.
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- Amaya M, Keck F, Lindquist M, Voss K, Scavone L, Kehn-Hall K, Roberts B, Bailey C, Schmaljohn C, Narayanan A. The ubiquitin proteasome system plays a role in venezuelan equine encephalitis virus infection.. PLoS One 2015;10(4):e0124792.
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