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Home / Equine Research Bank / Transbound Emerg Dis / Emergence of West Nile virus lineage 2 in Europe: Characteri...
Transboundary and emerging diseases2019; 67(3); 1189-1197; doi: 10.1111/tbed.13452

Emergence of West Nile virus lineage 2 in Europe: Characteristics of the first seven cases of West Nile neuroinvasive disease in horses in Austria.

Abstract: We report details of the first seven equine cases of confirmed West Nile neuroinvasive disease in Austria. The cases presented during summer and autumn of 2016 (n = 2), 2017 (n = 3) and 2018 (n = 2). All horses showed gait abnormalities and 6 of 7 horses exhibited fasciculations and/or tremors, and we provide video recordings of these. Three horses also showed cranial nerve involvement. Following rapid improvement, three horses were discharged. Four horses were euthanized due to the severity of clinical signs and subjected to neuropathological examination. West Nile virus (WNV) lineage 2 nucleic acid was detected in 5 of 7 horses, and WNV-specific neutralizing antibodies in all 7 horses. In addition, serologic evidence of WNV infection was found in two out of fourteen in-contact horses. Horses may be considered a sentinel species for human WNV infections, integrating human and veterinary medicine and thus contributing to the one health concept.
© 2019 The Authors. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases published by Blackwell Verlag GmbH.
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Publication Date: 2019-12-24 PubMed ID: 31840920PubMed Central: PMC7317211DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13452Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The researchers investigated the first seven instances of West Nile neuroinvasive disease in horses in Austria from 2016 to 2018. They found that all affected horses showed gait abnormalities and the majority showed muscle twitching and/or shakes. Although some horses recovered quickly, others were severely affected and euthanised. These horses were found to have been infected with a specific strain of the West Nile virus.

Investigated Cases

  • Researchers examined the first seven cases of West Nile neuroinvasive disease in horses in Austria.
  • The instances occurred in summer and autumn, noted for the years 2016, 2017, and 2018.
  • Studied symptoms included gait abnormalities, muscle fasciculations (twitching), and tremors.
  • For illustrative purposes, video recordings of the affected horses were taken.

Results and Outcomes

  • The symptoms noted included cranial nerve impairment in three out of seven horses.
  • Three horses showed significant improvement and were then discharged.
  • Severe cases resulted in euthanasia for four horses, whose bodies were subjected to neuropathological examination.
  • The presence of the West Nile (WN) virus lineage 2 was detected in five out of seven horses, analyzed through nucleic acid detection.
  • All seven horses showed WN-specific neutralizing antibodies, implying exposure and response to the virus.

Additional Observations and Implications

  • There was also serologic evidence of WN infection in two out of fourteen other in-contact horses, highlighting potential virus spread within horse populations.
  • The researchers suggested that horses could serve as a sentinel species for human WN infections, reflecting the concept of ‘one health’ – the idea that human and veterinary medicine are interconnected and should be studied together for comprehensive understanding of diseases.

Cite This Article

APA
de Heus P, Kolodziejek J, Camp JV, Dimmel K, Bagó Z, Hubálek Z, van den Hoven R, Cavalleri JV, Nowotny N. (2019). Emergence of West Nile virus lineage 2 in Europe: Characteristics of the first seven cases of West Nile neuroinvasive disease in horses in Austria. Transbound Emerg Dis, 67(3), 1189-1197. https://doi.org/10.1111/tbed.13452

Publication

Transboundary and emerging diseases
ISSN: 1865-1682
NlmUniqueID: 101319538
Country: Germany
Language: English
Volume: 67
Issue: 3
Pages: 1189-1197

Researcher Affiliations

de Heus, Phebe
  • Section Equine Internal Medicine, University Equine Hospital, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Kolodziejek, Jolanta
  • Viral Zoonoses, Emerging and Vector-Borne Infections Group, Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Camp, Jeremy V
  • Viral Zoonoses, Emerging and Vector-Borne Infections Group, Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Dimmel, Katharina
  • Viral Zoonoses, Emerging and Vector-Borne Infections Group, Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Bagó, Zoltán
  • Institute for Veterinary Disease Control Mödling, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety Ltd (AGES), Mödling, Austria.
Hubálek, Zdenek
  • Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic.
van den Hoven, René
  • Section Equine Internal Medicine, University Equine Hospital, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Cavalleri, Jessika-M V
  • Section Equine Internal Medicine, University Equine Hospital, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Nowotny, Norbert
  • Viral Zoonoses, Emerging and Vector-Borne Infections Group, Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
  • Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, UAE.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Austria
  • Fatal Outcome
  • Female
  • Horse Diseases / diagnosis
  • Horse Diseases / virology
  • Horses
  • Male
  • Sentinel Species
  • West Nile Fever / complications
  • West Nile Fever / diagnosis
  • West Nile Fever / veterinary
  • West Nile Fever / virology
  • West Nile virus / physiology

Conflict of Interest Statement

No conflicts of interest have been declared.

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